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The investigators propose that healthy behaviors such as exercise could be increased through the use of tying devices - mechanisms that force a coupling of addictive activities (listening to the next chapter of a page-turner novel) with engagement in a healthy behavior (exercise).
The study will test the effect of the following treatments as a means of increasing gym attendance over 10 weeks: 1. Participants receive access to 4 iTunes audio novels on their own iPods and prompted to listen to those novels only when exercising at the gym; 2: Participants receive 4 iTunes audio novels for a loaned iPod that they will only have access to at the gym; 3: Participants receive weekly emails asking them about their exercise.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Suggested Tying | Experimental | Receive same treatments as control group, but instead of receiving cash they receive 4 iTunes audio novels for their own iPods. Further, they are prompted to try to listen to those novels only when exercising at the gym in order to increase their attendance. |
|
| Forced Tying | Experimental | Receives same treatment as the control group. However, in addition to receiving the cash, they also receive 4 iTunes audio novels for a loaned iPod that they will only have access to at the gym. They are told they may only listen to these novels only when at the gym in order to increase their attendance. |
|
| Control | Experimental | Control group of participants who do not receive any intervention but are weighed at the beginning and end of a 10 week period and receive weekly emails asking them about their exercise. They also receive the equivalent cash value of 4 iTunes audio novels |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Behavioral | Receive weekly emails asking participants about their exercise and receive cash. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Average Weekly Gym Attendance From Baseline to Week 9 | 9 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Dollar Amount Participants Would Pay for Enrollment | Willingness to pay is measured as the dollar amount a participant would pay to be enrolled in a program such as the treatment. Participant who would pay more are said to be more willing to pay, as opposed to those who would pay less or not at all. | 9 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Katherine L. Milkman, Ph.D. | University of Pennsylvania | Principal Investigator |
| Julia A Minson | University of Pennsylvania | Principal Investigator |
| Kevin G.M. Volpp, MD, Ph.D. | University of Pennsylvania | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Suggested Tying | Receive same treatments as control group, but instead of receiving cash they receive 4 iTunes audio novels for their own iPods. Further, they are prompted to try to listen to those novels only when exercising at the gym in order to increase their attendance. Suggested Tying Intervention: Participants receive 4 iTunes audio novels for their own iPods to listen to only at the gym |
| FG001 | Forced Tying | Receives same treatment as the control group. However, in addition to receiving the cash, they also receive 4 iTunes audio novels for a loaned iPod that they will only have access to at the gym. They are told they may only listen to these novels only when at the gym in order to increase their attendance. Forced Tying Intervention: Participants receive cash and also 4 iTunes audio novels for a loaned iPod accessible only at the gym to listen to only at the gym. |
| FG002 | Control | Control group of participants who do not receive any intervention but are weighed at the beginning and end of a 10 week period and receive weekly emails asking them about their exercise. They also receive the equivalent cash value of 4 iTunes audio novels Control: Receive weekly emails asking participants about their exercise and receive cash. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Suggested Tying | Receive same treatments as control group, but instead of receiving cash they receive 4 iTunes audio novels for their own iPods. Further, they are prompted to try to listen to those novels only when exercising at the gym in order to increase their attendance. Suggested Tying Intervention: Participants receive 4 iTunes audio novels for their own iPods to listen to only at the gym |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Average Weekly Gym Attendance From Baseline to Week 9 | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | Average Weekly Gym Attendance | 9 weeks |
|
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Suggested Tying | Receive same treatments as control group, but instead of receiving cash they receive 4 iTunes audio novels for their own iPods. Further, they are prompted to try to listen to those novels only when exercising at the gym in order to increase their attendance. Suggested Tying Intervention: Participants receive 4 iTunes audio novels for their own iPods to listen to only at the gym |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Katherine L. Milkman, Ph.D. | University of Pennsylvania | 215-573-9646 | kmilkman@wharton.upenn.edu |
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| Suggested Tying Intervention | Behavioral | Participants receive 4 iTunes audio novels for their own iPods to listen to only at the gym |
|
| Forced Tying Intervention | Behavioral | Participants receive cash and also 4 iTunes audio novels for a loaned iPod accessible only at the gym to listen to only at the gym. |
|
| BG001 | Forced Tying | Receives same treatment as the control group. However, in addition to receiving the cash, they also receive 4 iTunes audio novels for a loaned iPod that they will only have access to at the gym. They are told they may only listen to these novels only when at the gym in order to increase their attendance. Forced Tying Intervention: Participants receive cash and also 4 iTunes audio novels for a loaned iPod accessible only at the gym to listen to only at the gym. |
| BG002 | Control | Control group of participants who do not receive any intervention but are weighed at the beginning and end of a 10 week period and receive weekly emails asking them about their exercise. They also receive the equivalent cash value of 4 iTunes audio novels Control: Receive weekly emails asking participants about their exercise and receive cash. |
| BG003 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| OG002 | Control | Control group of participants who do not receive any intervention but are weighed at the beginning and end of a 10 week period and receive weekly emails asking them about their exercise. They also receive the equivalent cash value of 4 iTunes audio novels Control: Receive weekly emails asking participants about their exercise and receive cash. |
|
|
| Secondary | Dollar Amount Participants Would Pay for Enrollment | Willingness to pay is measured as the dollar amount a participant would pay to be enrolled in a program such as the treatment. Participant who would pay more are said to be more willing to pay, as opposed to those who would pay less or not at all. | Some of the participants failed to respond for this outcome measure. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Dollars | 9 weeks |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 75 |
| 0 |
| 75 |
| EG001 | Forced Tying | Receives same treatment as the control group. However, in addition to receiving the cash, they also receive 4 iTunes audio novels for a loaned iPod that they will only have access to at the gym. They are told they may only listen to these novels only when at the gym in order to increase their attendance. Forced Tying Intervention: Participants receive cash and also 4 iTunes audio novels for a loaned iPod accessible only at the gym to listen to only at the gym. | 0 | 75 | 0 | 75 |
| EG002 | Control | Control group of participants who do not receive any intervention but are weighed at the beginning and end of a 10 week period and receive weekly emails asking them about their exercise. They also receive the equivalent cash value of 4 iTunes audio novels Control: Receive weekly emails asking participants about their exercise and receive cash. | 0 | 76 | 0 | 76 |
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