We used the response to an item on Perception of Treatment and Prognosis Questionnaire to compare rates of accurate prognostic understanding between study arms. Participants reported their primary goal of their current cancer treatment: 1) to cure my cancer; 2) to lesson my suffering as much as possible; 3) for me and/or my family to be able to keep hoping; 4) to make sure I have done everything; 5) to extend my life as long as possible; 6) to help cancer research. Participants' responses were dichotomized as 1) to cure my cancer vs. all other.

The Medical Health Outcomes Survey- Short Form (SF-36) is a measure of QOL. The SF-36 measures eight domains of health-related quality of life: physical functioning, role limitation due to physical health, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, role limitation due to emotional health, and mental health. The response choices are scored and summed to yield two physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary measures with ranges from 0-100. Higher scores indicate better quality of life. We compared family caregiver PCS and MCS scores between the two study arms at week-12 and week-24 adjusting for baseline scores.

We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale to measure overall psychological distress in family caregivers. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale contains two subscales measuring depression and anxiety respectively. When examined continuously, this scale reflects degree of psychological distress with higher scores indicating more psychological distress (range 0-42). We compared overall psychological distress (HADS-total) among family caregivers between the two study arms

We used the response to an item on Perception of Treatment and Prognosis Questionnaire to compare rates of accurate prognostic understanding between study arms. Family caregivers reported their primary goal of the current cancer treatment: 1) to cure my cancer; 2) to lesson my suffering as much as possible; 3) for me and/or my family to be able to keep hoping; 4) to make sure I have done everything; 5) to extend my life as long as possible; 6) to help cancer research. Family caregivers' responses were dichotomized as 1) to cure my cancer vs. all other.

compare mean change in approach oriented coping from baseline to week-24. Approach oriented coping scale is composed of active coping, positive reframing, and acceptance subscales. Scores range from 0-8 with higher scores indicate higher approach-oriented coping

Total of all reporting groups

The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General is a quality of life measure with higher scores indicating better quality of life (range 0-108). We are examining the adjusted mean difference from baseline to 24 weeks.

The analysis focuses on participants who completed week-24 questionnaires (N = 118 in the early palliative care arm, and N = 124 in the standard of care arm)

The hospital anxiety and depression scale examines symptoms of depression and anxiety. We compared rates of clinically significant depression symptoms (using a cut off of 8 on the depression subscale score) between study arms at week-12 and week-24.

The two rows examine outcomes at two different time points week-12 and week-24. Please note the number of participants included in week-12 and week-24 analyses reflect the participants who completed the hospital anxiety and depression scale at these time points (study completers), which explains the discrepancy with the flow chart.

We used the response to an item on Perception of Treatment and Prognosis Questionnaire to compare rates of accurate prognostic understanding between study arms. Participants reported their primary goal of their current cancer treatment: 1) to cure my cancer; 2) to lesson my suffering as much as possible; 3) for me and/or my family to be able to keep hoping; 4) to make sure I have done everything; 5) to extend my life as long as possible; 6) to help cancer research. Participants' responses were dichotomized as 1) to cure my cancer vs. all other.

The different rows reflect analyses at week-12 and week-24. Please note the number of participants included in week-12 and week-24 analyses reflect the participants who completed the Perception of Treatment and Prognosis Questionnaire at these time points (study completers), which explains the discrepancy with the flow chart.

The Medical Health Outcomes Survey- Short Form (SF-36) is a measure of QOL. The SF-36 measures eight domains of health-related quality of life: physical functioning, role limitation due to physical health, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, role limitation due to emotional health, and mental health. The response choices are scored and summed to yield two physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary measures with ranges from 0-100. Higher scores indicate better quality of life. We compared family caregiver PCS and MCS scores between the two study arms at week-12 and week-24 adjusting for baseline scores.

Adjusted Means controlling for baseline scores. The different rows reflect Week-12 and Week-24 outcomes on SF-36 PCS and MCS domains. The number of participants included in week-12 and week-24 analyses reflect the participants who completed the SF-36 at these time points, which explains the discrepancy with the flow chart.

We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale to measure overall psychological distress in family caregivers. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale contains two subscales measuring depression and anxiety respectively. When examined continuously, this scale reflects degree of psychological distress with higher scores indicating more psychological distress (range 0-42). We compared overall psychological distress (HADS-total) among family caregivers between the two study arms

Looking at the HADS-total score at week-12 and week-24. Please note the number of participants included in week-12 and week-24 analyses reflect the participants who completed the hospital anxiety and depression scale at these time points (study completers), which explains the discrepancy with the flow chart.

We used the response to an item on Perception of Treatment and Prognosis Questionnaire to compare rates of accurate prognostic understanding between study arms. Family caregivers reported their primary goal of the current cancer treatment: 1) to cure my cancer; 2) to lesson my suffering as much as possible; 3) for me and/or my family to be able to keep hoping; 4) to make sure I have done everything; 5) to extend my life as long as possible; 6) to help cancer research. Family caregivers' responses were dichotomized as 1) to cure my cancer vs. all other.

Proportion of caregiver goal is cure at week-12 and week-24. Please note the number of participants reflect those who completed the Perception of Treatment and Prognosis Questionnaire at week-12 and week-24, which explains the discrepancy with the participants flow.

compare mean change in approach oriented coping from baseline to week-24. Approach oriented coping scale is composed of active coping, positive reframing, and acceptance subscales. Scores range from 0-8 with higher scores indicate higher approach-oriented coping

Subjects receives standard of care