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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Ontario Mental Health Foundation | OTHER_GOV |
| Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) | OTHER_GOV |
| National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression | OTHER |
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Studies using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a treatment for refractory auditory hallucinations (AH) in schizophrenia have shown promise. The majority of studies have examined the effect of low frequency left-sided stimulation (LFL) (i.e., 1 Hz) to the temporal parietal cortex (TPC). Priming stimulation (6 Hz) prior to LFL stimulation (hereby simply referred to as priming) has been shown to enhance the neurophysiological effects of LFL rTMS alone and, as such, may lead to greater attenuation of AH. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of priming rTMS and LFL rTMS, compared to sham, applied to the TPC in patients with schizophrenia experiencing refractory auditory hallucinations (AH).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low frequency left (LFL) sided rTMS | Experimental | LFL rTMS was administered at an intensity of 115% resting motor threshold at 1HZ for 20 minutes. The treatment targeted the left temporoparietal cortex (TPC). |
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| Priming stimulation | Experimental | Priming stimulation was administered as follows: 10 minutes of 6 Hz at 90% resting motor threshold (RMT) administered to the left temporoparietal cortex followed by 10 minutes of 1 Hz stimulation at 115% RMT. |
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| Sham Control | Sham Comparator | Sham stimulation was applied with identical parameters to those for the LFL condition but with the coil angled at 90 degrees off the scalp in a single wing tilt position. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | Device | The treatment involves the administration of a magnetic field applied to a specific area of the brain. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale (PSYRATS) | The primary outcome for this study was response (dichotomous outcome), defined as a 30 percent reduction in the composite score derived from the frequency, duration, loudness and content items of the hallucinations subscale of the Psychotic Symptoms Rating Scale (PSYRATS) | 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Positive and Negative Symptom Scale - Global | response on the global PANSS (30% reduction), PANSS global scale change | 4 weeks |
| Positive and Negative Symptom Scale - Positive subscale | response on the positive scale of the PANSS (30% reduction), PANSS positive scale change |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Z J Daskalakis, MD | Centre for Addiction and Mental Health | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centre for Addiction and Mental Health | Toronto | Ontario | M5T 1R8 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22410480 | Derived | Blumberger DM, Christensen BK, Zipursky RB, Moller B, Chen R, Fitzgerald PB, Daskalakis ZJ. MRI-targeted repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of Heschl's gyrus for refractory auditory hallucinations. Brain Stimul. 2012 Oct;5(4):577-85. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2011.12.002. Epub 2012 Feb 22. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Information about research at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada's largest mental health and addiction teaching hospital. It is fully affiliated with the University of Toronto, and is a PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000090663 | Schizophrenia, Treatment-Resistant |
| D006212 | Hallucinations |
| D012559 | Schizophrenia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019967 | Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050781 | Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055909 | Magnetic Field Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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|
| 4 weeks |
| Hallucination Change Scale | response on the HCS (score < 5) | 4 weeks |
| Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS) | response on the AHRS and change over time in the AHRS. | 4 weeks |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |