This behavioural support intervention trial will investigate the potential to increase exclusive breastfeeding rates in an urban Kenyan community through peer mother support delivered either by cell phone or through group meetings. It will follow a cohort of more than 800 women attending antenatal care at a large public hospital, and compare indicators of breastfeeding and infant and maternal health between groups receiving one or other type of peer mother support. The main part of the study will test the primary hypothesis that peer group and cell phone based support can both increase rates of EBF at 3 months by 20% relative to a control group.

The general objective was to assess whether participation from late pregnancy through to 3 months postpartum in bi-weekly cell phone based peer support (CPS) or monthly peer-led support groups (PSG) can increase adoption and duration of EBF amongst low-income women in Kenya served by a nationalized BFHI certified hospital above benchmarks achieved with current approaches and standard of care by existing facility-based support (SOC).

The study aimed to reach the following specific objectives related to message delivery on EBF:

assess the feasibility of two innovative approaches (CPS and PSG) to deliver extended postnatal peer support for EBF by women in an urban, low-income country setting; compare the effectiveness of these two innovative approaches to existing facility-based support; and compare the relative effectiveness of each type of peer support intervention.

Inclusion Criteria for mothers:

1. attending antenatal care services at the target facility;
2. confirmed pregnant by a health care worker;
3. 24-32 weeks gestation at enrollment;
4. competency in KiSwahili or English (or both)
5. current resident of Nakuru municipality and expecting to reside there for the next 6 months;
6. intend to breastfeed their newborn;
7. self-report of any condition preventing the subject from breastfeeding (excluding HIV infection)
8. no history of mental illness
9. either HIV-negative on test result OR referred bto PMTCT services following verified positive HIV-test results
10. willing to participate in study described in IC forms
11. 18-45 years of age