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This study tests the effectiveness of Making Alcoholics Anonymous Easier (MAAEZ), a manual-guided intervention designed to help alcohol and drug dependent clients connect with individuals encountered in AA. An OFF/ON design was used (n=508). MAAEZ effectiveness was determined by comparing abstinence rates of participants recruited during ON (MAAEZ intervention) and OFF (usual care) conditions and by studying the effect of the number of MAAEZ sessions attended. Better outcomes were hypothesized for MAAEZ vs. usual care. At 12 months, more clients in the ON condition (vs. OFF) reported past 30-day abstinence from alcohol, drugs, and both alcohol and drugs. Abstinence increased for each additional MAAEZ session received. MAAEZ appeared especially effective for those with more prior AA exposure, severe psychiatric problems, and atheists/agnostics. Mechanisms of action for MAAEZ (mediators of the MAAEZ effect) include: doing service in AA/NA/CA; having a sponsor; having a social network supportive of abstinence; and comfort being in meetings. MAAEZ represents an evidence-based intervention that is easily implemented in existing treatment programs.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Making Alcoholics Anonymous Easier | Experimental | Six session, group format intervention, consisting of introductory session, four core sessions (sponsorship, principles not personalities, spirituality, living sober), and return to introductory session as MAAEZ graduate |
|
| Usual care | Active Comparator | Usual group sessions on education about alcohol and drug problems |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Making Alcoholics Anonymous Easier (MAAEZ) | Behavioral | 6-week, 90-minute, manualized, 12-step facilitation intervention consisting of 6 weekly session. First session is introduction. Four following core sessions attended in any order: sponsorship, principles not personalities, spirituality, living Sober. Last session, return to intro session as graduate. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Alcohol and drug abstinence | No alcohol and no drug consumed during the 30 days prior to 12-month follow-up interview | Past 30 days |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lee A Kaskutas, Dr.P.H. | Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol Research Group | Emeryville | California | 94608 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19339148 | Background | Kaskutas LA, Subbaraman MS, Witbrodt J, Zemore SE. Effectiveness of Making Alcoholics Anonymous Easier: a group format 12-step facilitation approach. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009 Oct;37(3):228-39. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2009.01.004. Epub 2009 Apr 1. | |
| 21288660 | Background | Subbaraman MS, Kaskutas LA, Zemore S. Sponsorship and service as mediators of the effects of Making Alcoholics Anonymous Easier (MAAEZ), a 12-step facilitation intervention. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Jul 1;116(1-3):117-24. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.008. Epub 2011 Feb 2. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000437 | Alcoholism |
| D019966 | Substance-Related Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019973 | Alcohol-Related Disorders |
| D064419 | Chemically-Induced Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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|
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| Usual care | Behavioral | Group format, six weekly education sessions about alcohol and drugs |
|
| 19581057 | Background | Zemore SE, Kaskutas LA. Development and validation of the Alcoholics Anonymous Intention Measure (AAIM). Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009 Oct 1;104(3):204-11. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.04.019. Epub 2009 Jul 5. |