• Liver/renal transplantations are now tending to be the most important treatment for terminal liver and renal disease. Although transplantation can prevent recipients from suffering with critical and fatal symptoms, patients may experience the complication from surgery and immunosuppressive drugs. Furthermore, they might have many unmet needs in daily life, and so as their spouses. The purpose of this study is to explore the home-care needs among the post liver or renal transplant recipients and their spouses, and identify the significant factors for care needs.
• A cross-sectional correlated design will be used and patients will be recruited by purposive sampling from an organ transplant outpatient department at a medical center in northern Taiwan. A set of structured questionnaires will be used to collect data.
• The result of this study will be helpful for clinical nurses to understand liver or renal recipients' physical and mental distress, also identify the potential risk of home-care needs and the degree of satisfaction as well.

Inclusion Criteria:

• about patients

  1. liver transplant recipients or renal transplant recipients who have regular follow up in organ transplant outpatient departments.
  2. conscious clear.
  3. above 18 years old.

• about spouse

  1. who live with patients.
  2. conscious clear.
  3. above 18 years old.

Exclusion Criteria:

• about patients

  1. who suffer form cancer now.
  2. have received transplantation twice.

• about spouse

  1. who liver apart from patients.
  2. whose spouse(patient) did not recruited in this research.

• liver transplant recipients or renal transplant recipients with 18 to 80 years old who have regular follow up in organ transplant outpatient departments at National Taiwan University Hospital in Northern Taiwan.
• We will also recuit spouses who live with recruited patients.