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The investigators hypothesized that individuals supplementing with krill oil capsules (two grams per day) would experience enhanced improvements in health-related variables during a 21-day Daniel Fast.
One of the main purposes of the this investigation was to determine if krill oil supplementation (two grams per day for 21 days) enhances the effects of a 21-day Daniel Fast, particularly in regards to blood lipids and lipid peroxidation. The investigators were also interested in determining if adiponectin and/or resistin change in response to the fast, as these adipokines could potentially mediate the favorable glucoregulatory changes the investigators observed in our initial investigation of a 21-day Daniel Fast. Finally, the investigators sought to determine the changes in macronutrient and micronutrient intake during a Daniel Fast, and how these dietary changes affect our selected hemodynamic, anthropometric, blood lipid, glucoregulatory, oxidative stress, inflammatory, renal, and hepatic biomarkers.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Krill oil capsules | Active Comparator | Two grams per day daily for 21 days |
|
| Coconut oil capsules | Placebo Comparator | Two grams per day for 21 days |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Krill oil supplementation | Dietary Supplement | During a 21-day Daniel Fast, group one supplemented with krill oil capsules (two grams per day) while group two supplemented with a placebo (coconut oil capsules at two grams per day). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood Lipids | Total Cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C, Triglyerides | Change from baseline at 3 weeks |
| Glucoregulatory markers | Blood glucose, blood insulin, Serum resistin, serum adiponectin | Change from baseline at 3 weeks |
| Markers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status | Plasma malondialdehyde, plasma hydrogen peroxide, plasma nitrate/nitrite, Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (measured in serum) | Change from baseline at 3 weeks |
| Blood Pressure | Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure | Change from baseline at 3 weeks |
| C-reactive protein | Change from baseline at 3 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric Variables | bodyweight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, body fat percentage, fat mass, fat free mass | Change from baseline at 3 weeks |
| Metabolic Panel | Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide, calcium, protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Richard J Bloomer, Doctorate | University of Memphis | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory | Memphis | Tennessee | 38152 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22971786 | Derived | Trepanowski JF, Kabir MM, Alleman RJ Jr, Bloomer RJ. A 21-day Daniel fast with or without krill oil supplementation improves anthropometric parameters and the cardiometabolic profile in men and women. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012 Sep 13;9(1):82. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-82. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005215 | Fasting |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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|
| Change from baseline at 3 weeks |
| Complete Blood Count | White blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell distribution width, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils | Change from baseline at 3 weeks |