The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of hospitalization for acute kidney injury among patients with type 2 diabetes who are new initiators of Saxagliptin and those who are new initiators of other oral antidiabetic drugs in classes other than Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors.

Prospectively designed retrospective database study. This study will be conducted using administrative claims data and electronic medical records that are collected as part of routine clinical practice.

This will be a prospectively-designed database cohort study comparing hospitalizations for acute kidney injury among new initiators of Saxagliptin compared to those who are new initiators of OADs in classes other than DPP4 inhibitors. The study time frame will be from 2009 through 2014.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 years of age or older
• Newly prescribed Saxagliptin or an OAD in a class other than DPP4 inhibitors
• Enrolled in the respective database for at least 180 days prior to the first prescription of new OAD

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients identified with a diagnostic code for acute kidney injury within the 180-day baseline period
• Patients with DPP4 inhibitor exposure during the baseline period
• Patients currently using Exenatide or Insulin

This study will carried out using databases containing administrative claims data [ HealthCore Integrated Research DatabaseSM (HIRD) and Medicare in the U.S.] and electronic medical records [ General Practice Research Database (GPRD) and The Health Improvement Network (THIN) in the UK]. The US population includes patients from health plans in the northeast, southeastern, mid-Atlantic, central, mid-western, and western regions (HIRD) as well as US citizens 65 years of age and older (Medicare). The UK population includes patients seeking medical care from general practitioners (GPRD and THIN).