Cancers are among the most frequent leading causes of death in Taiwan, and many of them show their respective unique epidemiological and pathophysiological features in Taiwanese population. One of the distinguishing features of cancers includes their potential to metastasize outside the primary tumor. Pleural cavity and peritoneum are two of the most frequent sites of metastases when serosal surfaces are involved. The prognoses of such patients are extremely poor with a median survival of months. The understandings of cancer biology of tumor metastasis demand more in-depth studies at the molecular and cell levels. Studies based on cell culture are excellent approaches for this purpose as the cell culture provides a relevant and renewable model for studying the pathological and molecular changes underlying human malignant tumors.

Due to their easy accessibility, pleural effusions and ascites are two important clinical sources of metastatic cancer cells, which upon isolation, permit comparative studies between the biology nature of primary tumor and metastatic ones. In this study, we will try to isolate cancer cells from human malignant effusions, said to be pleural effusions and/or ascites. We will establish phenotypic alterations along the progression of malignant tumors with serosal metastasis, with special emphasis on expression of some proteases, laminin receptors and transcription factors involved in the process of invasion and metastasis. We would also perform clinical correlations, including tumor type, staging, status of lymph node metastasis and histopathological differentiation and grading, etc.

Inclusion Criteria:

• cancer patients
• pleural effusion or peritoneal effusion

Exclusion Criteria:

• infected and fever patients
• anticoagulant treatment patients
• patients don't attend this study

cancer patients