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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1R34MH082956-01A2 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) | NIH |
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This study aimed to examine if technology could enhance the treatment engagement and outcomes of low income parents of 3 to 8 children with externalizing problems.
The aim of this pilot study is to determine whether a technology-enhanced version of an established behavioral treatment protocol, Helping the Noncompliant Child (HNC; McMahon & Forehand), enhances the engagement and treatment outcomes of lower income parents of 3 to 8 children with externalizing problems in treatment. It is predicted that families in both the HNC and technology-enhanced HNC (TE-HNC) programs will evidence significant improvement in parenting behavior and child externalizing problems; however, it is predicted that parent-child dyads in the TE-HNC program will require fewer sessions, will be more likely to be retained in the program, will be more likely to remain engaged in the program (e.g., practicing skills between sessions etc.), and will be more likely to have active involvement from their coparenting partners (i.e., other adults and family members who participate in childrearing).In turn, it is expected that the TE-HNC program will boost treatment outcomes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Helping the Noncompliant Child (HNC) | Active Comparator | Standard HNC (see HNC Arm/Title) Program plus Technology-Enhancement (smartphones, which are being used for mid-week video calls to check-in re: skill-building, videotaping of family practice of skills at home, daily surveys re: skills practice & child behavior, reminders re: practice & sessions. |
|
| Technology-Enhanced HNC (TE-HNC) | Experimental | Standard HNC (see HNC Arm/Title) Program plus Technology-Enhancement (smartphones, which are being used for mid-week video calls to check-in re: skill-building, videotaping of family practice of skills at home, daily surveys re: skills practice & child behavior, reminders re: practice & sessions. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helping the Noncompliant Child (HNC) | Behavioral | Well-established behavioral parent training program (McMahon & Forehand) for parents of 3 to 8 y.o. children with externalizing problems |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Retention | Retention assesses whether or not the family completed the full treatment program. | Baseline to Post-Intervention (average 8 to 12 weeks) |
| Mean % Sessions Attended as Scheduled | Participation in each weekly session as scheduled was recorded for each family. Mean attendance of scheduled sessions was computed for each parent-child dyad and then for each group. For example, if a parent-child dyad required 8 sessions to master the program skills and attended all 8 sessions as scheduled they would have 100%. If instead, another parent-child dyad also required 8 sessions to complete the program, but half of those were rescheduled at least once. Then the overall average attendance is calculated across the parent-child dyads in each group. Greater scheduled attendance = optimal outcome. | Baseline to Post-Intervention (average 8 to 12 weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Post-treatment Score Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) | The ECBI is a 36 item measure frequently used in treatment outcome research with young children, as it it reflects problem behavior in this age range and is sensitive to change. Parents rate the frequency of each problem behavior as occurring 0 = never to 7 = always. Scores can range from 0 to 252 with higher scores reflecting greater problem behaviors. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Deborah J Jones, PhD | UNC Chapel Hill | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UNC Chapel Hill | Chapel Hill | North Carolina | 27599 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22199418 | Background | Jones DJ, Forehand R, McKee LG, Cuellar J, Kincaid C. Behavioral Parent Training: Is There an "App" for That? Behav Ther (N Y N Y). 2010 Apr;33(4):72-77. No abstract available. | |
| 23313761 | Background | Jones DJ, Forehand R, Cuellar J, Kincaid C, Parent J, Fenton N, Goodrum N. Harnessing innovative technologies to advance children's mental health: behavioral parent training as an example. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013 Mar;33(2):241-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Dec 4. |
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Children are participants (i.e., N = # children); however, parents participate with young children in BPT (i.e., reference to parent-child dyads throughout). 22 parent-child dyads enrolled, 3 assigned as practice cases, given the pilot nature of the study (i.e., 19 for analyses), & 4 drop-outs, yielded N = 15 for analysis.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Helping the Noncompliant Child | Helping the Noncompliant Child (HNC) is a well-established behavioral parent training (BPTP program for parents of 3 to 8 year old children with externalizing problems. Children are the target of treatment; however, parents are the mechanism of change. Therefore, parent-child dyads participate. |
| FG001 | TE-HNC | Standard HNC (see HNC Arm/Title) Program plus Technology-Enhancement (smartphones, which are being used for mid-week video calls to check-in re: skill-building, videotaping of family practice of skills at home, daily surveys re: skills practice & child behavior, reminders re: practice & sessions. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
22 families enrolled, 3 were therapist practice cases (i.e., 19 remaining for analyses),and 4 were drop-outs, yielding a pilot analysis sample of N = 15
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Helping the Noncompliant Child | Helping the Noncompliant Child (HNC) is a well-established behavioral parent training (BPTP program for parents of 3 to 8 year old children with externalizing problems. Children are the target of treatment; however, parents are the mechanism of change. Therefore, parent-child dyads participate. |
| BG001 |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Retention | Retention assesses whether or not the family completed the full treatment program. | Given that these analyses focus on retention, the analysis sample is the 19 enrolled parent-child dyads (i.e., including the drop-outs) | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | No | Baseline to Post-Intervention (average 8 to 12 weeks) |
|
3 years
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Helping the Noncompliant Child | Helping the Noncompliant Child (McMahon & Forehand), a well-established behavioral parent training program for parents of 3 to 8 year old children with externalizing problems Helping the Noncompliant Child (HNC): Well-established behavioral parent training program (McMahon & Forehand) for parents of 3 to 8 y.o. children with externalizing problems |
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This is a preliminary randomized control trial with a small sample size and limited statistical power and, thus, findings should be interpreted with caution.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deborah Jones, PhD | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | 919-962-3995 | djjones@email.unc.edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002652 | Child Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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|
| Technology-Enhanced Helping the Noncompliant Child (TE-HNC) | Behavioral | Standard HNC program plus technology-enhancements (see description under Arm) |
|
|
| Baseline to Post-Intervention (average 8 to 12 weeks) |
| Mean Sessions for Complete Treatment | Mean number of sessions that parent-child dyads in each group required to master the program skills and complete treatment (Fewer sessions to complete treatment considered more cost-effective as parent-child dyads learning skills more efficiently). | Baseline to Post-Intervention (Average 8 to 12 weeks) |
| Mean Consumer Satisfaction | Average parent-reported satisfaction with the treatment program on a project-developed consumer satisfaction scale (Possible range = 11 -77; Higher score = greater satisfaction). | Post-Intervention (Average 8 to 12 weeks) |
| 23178234 | Background | Forehand R, Jones DJ, Parent J. Behavioral parenting interventions for child disruptive behaviors and anxiety: what's different and what's the same. Clin Psychol Rev. 2013 Feb;33(1):133-45. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2012.10.010. Epub 2012 Nov 6. |
| 24400723 | Background | Jones DJ. Future directions in the design, development, and investigation of technology as a service delivery vehicle. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2014;43(1):128-42. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2013.859082. |
| 23924046 | Result | Jones DJ, Forehand R, Cuellar J, Parent J, Honeycutt A, Khavjou O, Gonzalez M, Anton M, Newey GA. Technology-enhanced program for child disruptive behavior disorders: development and pilot randomized control trial. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2014;43(1):88-101. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2013.822308. Epub 2013 Aug 7. |
| 33900099 | Derived | Loiselle R, Parent J, Georgeson AR, Thissen D, Jones DJ, Forehand R. Validation of the Multidimensional Assessment of Parenting: An application of item response theory. Psychol Assess. 2021 Sep;33(9):803-815. doi: 10.1037/pas0001019. Epub 2021 Apr 26. |
| 33622517 | Derived | Jones DJ, Loiselle R, Zachary C, Georgeson AR, Highlander A, Turner P, Youngstrom JK, Khavjou O, Anton MT, Gonzalez M, Bresland NL, Forehand R. Optimizing Engagement in Behavioral Parent Training: Progress Toward a Technology-Enhanced Treatment Model. Behav Ther. 2021 Mar;52(2):508-521. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.07.001. Epub 2020 Jul 15. |
| 29029562 | Derived | Zachary C, Jones DJ, McKee LG, Baucom DH, Forehand RL. The Role of Emotion Regulation and Socialization in Behavioral Parent Training: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Behav Modif. 2019 Jan;43(1):3-25. doi: 10.1177/0145445517735492. Epub 2017 Oct 13. |
| 26053349 | Derived | Anton MT, Jones DJ, Youngstrom EA. Socioeconomic status, parenting, and externalizing problems in African American single-mother homes: A person-oriented approach. J Fam Psychol. 2015 Jun;29(3):405-415. doi: 10.1037/fam0000086. |
| 23398615 | Derived | Parent J, Jones DJ, Forehand R, Cuellar J, Shoulberg EK. The role of coparents in African American single-mother families: the indirect effect of coparent identity on youth psychosocial adjustment. J Fam Psychol. 2013 Apr;27(2):252-62. doi: 10.1037/a0031477. Epub 2013 Feb 11. |
| TE-HNC |
Standard HNC (see HNC Arm/Title) Program plus Technology-Enhancement (smartphones, which are being used for mid-week video calls to check-in re: skill-building, videotaping of family practice of skills at home, daily surveys re: skills practice & child behavior, reminders re: practice & sessions. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
Standard HNC (see HNC Arm/Title) Program plus Technology-Enhancement (smartphones, which are being used for mid-week video calls to check-in re: skill-building, videotaping of family practice of skills at home, daily surveys re: skills practice & child behavior, reminders re: practice & sessions. |
|
|
| Primary | Mean % Sessions Attended as Scheduled | Participation in each weekly session as scheduled was recorded for each family. Mean attendance of scheduled sessions was computed for each parent-child dyad and then for each group. For example, if a parent-child dyad required 8 sessions to master the program skills and attended all 8 sessions as scheduled they would have 100%. If instead, another parent-child dyad also required 8 sessions to complete the program, but half of those were rescheduled at least once. Then the overall average attendance is calculated across the parent-child dyads in each group. Greater scheduled attendance = optimal outcome. | Given the pilot nature of study and smalll sample size, intent to treat analyses were not conducted. Rather, analyses were conducted on those parent-child dyads who completed all sessions within each group. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | percentage of scheduled sessions | Baseline to Post-Intervention (average 8 to 12 weeks) |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Mean Post-treatment Score Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) | The ECBI is a 36 item measure frequently used in treatment outcome research with young children, as it it reflects problem behavior in this age range and is sensitive to change. Parents rate the frequency of each problem behavior as occurring 0 = never to 7 = always. Scores can range from 0 to 252 with higher scores reflecting greater problem behaviors. | N = 15 parent-child dyads who completed the treatment program. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Baseline to Post-Intervention (average 8 to 12 weeks) |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Mean Sessions for Complete Treatment | Mean number of sessions that parent-child dyads in each group required to master the program skills and complete treatment (Fewer sessions to complete treatment considered more cost-effective as parent-child dyads learning skills more efficiently). | N = 15 parent-child dyads who completed the treatment program. | Posted | Mean | Full Range | Sessions | Baseline to Post-Intervention (Average 8 to 12 weeks) |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Mean Consumer Satisfaction | Average parent-reported satisfaction with the treatment program on a project-developed consumer satisfaction scale (Possible range = 11 -77; Higher score = greater satisfaction). | N = 15 parent-child dyads who completed the treatment program. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Post-Intervention (Average 8 to 12 weeks) |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 10 |
| 0 |
| 10 |
| 0 |
| 10 |
| EG001 | TE-HNC | Standard HNC Program plus Technology-Enhancement (smartphones, which are being used for mid-week video calls to check-in re: skill-building, videotaping of family practice of skills at home, daily surveys re: skills practice & child behavior, reminders re: practice & sessions. Technology-Enhanced Helping the Noncompliant Child (TE-HNC): Standard HNC program plus technology-enhancements (see description under Arm) | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 |
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