This is a prospective study designed to assess safety and potential influence of the MiroCam on cardiac pacemaker and implantable cardiac defibrillator.

MiroCam (IntroMedic, Ltd, Seoul, Korea) is a small bowel capsule endoscope using human body communication for data transmission. There is a concern of potential interactions between cardiac devices and capsule endoscope. This clinical study was designed to evaluate the potential influence of the MiroCam on cardiac pacemaker and implantable cardiac defibrillator.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. age 20 years or older
2. cardiac pacemaker or implantable cardiac defibrillator
3. gastrointestinal disease

Exclusion Criteria:

1. previous GI perforation or obstruction history
2. known or suspected GI stricture
3. marked GI dysmotility
4. uncompensated heart failure (EF ≤30% or Killip's classification class ≥ III)
5. pregnancy

patients with implantable cardiac devices