This is an international open-label, randomized, multicenter phase II study of VIT and VI for the treatment of patients with recurrent or refractory rhabdomyosarcoma. The study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of these combinations in patients with recurrent or refractory rhabdomyosarcoma.

The dose of vincristine will be 1.5 mg/m² or 0.05 mg/kg for patient ≤ 10 kg (maximum 2 mg) and will be administered by direct intravenous infusion on day 1 and 8 of each course, before irinotecan.

The dose of irinotecan will be 50 mg/m²/d. Irinotecan will be given intravenously over 1 hour on days 1-5 of each course, one hour following the administration of temozolomide.

In the absence of any contraindication (ie known allergies), treatment with oral cefixime 8 mg/kg once daily (maximum daily dose 400 mg) is recommended and will be started 2 days before chemotherapy until day 7.

Temozolomide will be given according to the randomization. The starting dose of temozolomide will be 125 mg/m²/d. The dose of temozolomide will be escalated to 150 mg/m²/day at cycle 2 for patients who do not experience > grade 3 toxicity of any kind. Temozolomide will be given orally, on an empty stomach, on days 1 through 5 of each course.

Dose reductions and/or administration delays will be performed using specific predefined rules to accommodate individual patient tolerance of treatment and to maintain optimal dose intensity.

Inclusion Criteria:

• TUMOR CHARACTERISTICS :

  • Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) (new biopsy recommended)
  • Relapsed or refractory disease which has failed standard treatment approaches
  • Patients must have measurable disease defined as lesions that can be measured in 3 dimensions by medical imaging techniques such as CT or MRI. Ascites, pleural fluid, bone marrow disease and lesions seen on Tc scintigraphy or PET scan only are not considered measurable for these patients

• PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS :

  • Age > 6 months and ≤ 50 years

  • Karnofsky performance status (PS) 70-100% (for patients > 12 years of age) OR Lansky Play Score 70-100% (for patients ≤ 12 years of age)

  • Life expectancy ≥ 12 weeks

  • Adequate bone marrow function :

    • Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1000/mm3; and ≥ 500/mm3 in case of bone marrow disease
    • Platelet count ≥ 100000/mm3 ; and ≥ 75000/mm3 in case of bone marrow disease (transfusion independent)
    • Hemoglobin ≥ 8.5 g/dl (transfusion allowed)

  • Adequate renal function

    • Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 X ULN for age
    • If serum creatinine > 1.5 ULN, creatinine clearance (or radioisotope GFR) must be >70 ml/min/1.73 m²

  • Adequate hepatic function :

    • Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) for age, except if the patient is known to have Gilbert's syndrome
    • ALT and AST ≤ 2.5 times ULN for age

  • Negative pregnancy test in females with childbearing potential

  • Fertile patients must use effective contraception

  • No active > grade 2 diarrhea or uncontrolled infection

  • No other malignancy, including secondary malignancy

  • Patient affiliated with a health insurance system. Applicable for French patients only Written informed consent of patient and/or parents/guardians

• PRIOR or CONCURRENT THERAPY :

  • More than 3 weeks since prior radiation therapy to the site of any progressive lesion that will be identified as a target lesion to measure tumor response
  • At least 3 weeks since prior myelosuppressive therapy (6 weeks for nitrosourea. 2 weeks for vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine or low dose cyclophosphamide)
  • No concurrent enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants (EIAC), including phenytoin, phenobarbital or carbamazepine
  • No concurrent administration of any of the following: rifampicin, voriconazole,itraconazole, ketoconazole, aprepitant, St John's Wort
  • No prior irinotecan or temozolomide administration
  • Prior vincristine administration allowed
  • Concurrent palliative radiation therapy to sites allowed other than the main measurable target
  • Prior allo- or autologous SCT allowed

Exclusion Criteria:

• Inclusion criteria failure
• Concomitant anti-cancer treatment
• Know hypersensitivity to any component of study drugs or ingredients
• Pregnancy or breast feeding
• Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption
• Neuromuscular disorders (e.g. Charcot-Marie Tooth disease)
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness or active infection
• Unavailable for medical follow-up (geographic, social or psychological reasons)