This is a multi-centre, prospective, randomized phase III trial to determine if multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can improve selection of patients eligible for active surveillance through better detection of clinically significant cancer.

Inclusion Criteria:

• histological confirmation of adenocarcinoma of the prostate

• candidate for active surveillance (favourable risk prostate cancer) as defined by the following:

  • Clinical stage T1b, T1c, T2a or T2b at the time of diagnosis
  • Clinical (diagnostic biopsy) Gleason sum < 6
  • PSA < 10.0 ng/ml (ug/L)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous treatment for prostate cancer including surgery (excluding biopsy), radiation therapy, hormonal therapy (e.g. megestrol, medroxyprogesterone, cyproterone, DES), glucocorticoids (except inhaled or topical), LHRH analogues (e.g. Leuprolide, goserelin), ketoconazole, non-steroidal antiandrogens (e.g. bicalutamide, flutamide) and/or any 5α-reductase inhibitors within 3 months of randomization
• Planned anti-androgen therapy
• Inability to undergo TRUS biopsy
• Inability to undergo multi-parametric MRI