Placebo tablets are placed in water or juice in the AM and PM

Measure Description: Clinical Measure of Global level of Symptoms (Sx) and Functioning from 1 (Worst) to 100 (Best) in groups of 10:

100 - 91: Superior functioning 90 - 81: Absent or minimal Sx 80 - 71: If symptoms are present and expected 70 - 61:Some mild Sx 60 - 51: Moderate Sx 50 - 41: Serious Sx 40 - 31: Some impairment in reality testing or communication 30 - 21: Behavior is considerably influenced by delusions or hallucinations 20 - 11: Some danger of hurting self or others 10 - 1: Persistent danger of severely hurting self or others

Measure of social and occupational functioning using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale Measure Description: Rating of Overall Social and Occupational Functioning on a scale of 1 (worst) to 100 (best) in groups of 10:

100-91: Superior functioning 90-81: Good functioning 80-71: Slight impairment 70-61: Some difficulty 60-51: Moderate difficulty 50-41: Serious impairment 40-31: Major impairment 30-21: Inability to function in almost all areas 20-11: Unable to function independently 10-1: Unable to function without harming self or others

The MATRICS is neurocognitive battery designed to assess cognition. Processing speed is a composite score including the following tests: Trail Making Test, BACS: Symbol Coding, Category Fluency: Animal Naming. The score is a standardized T-Score which indicates the number of standard deviations above or below the mean, a T-Score of 50, in 10 point increments. A T-Score of 60 indicates 1 standard deviation above the mean and a T-Score of 40 indicates 1 standard deviation below the mean. A score below 50 indicated cognitive processing below that of an age and gender matched healthy control population. A score above 50 indicates cognitive processing above that of an age and gender matched healthy control population.

The MATRICS is neurocognitive battery designed to assess cognition. Working Memory score is a composite score based on the following sub-test WMS-III Spatial Span and Letter-Number Span. The score is a standardized T-Score which indicates the number of standard deviations above or below the mean, a T-Score of 50, in 10 point increments. A T-Score of 60 indicates 1 standard deviation above the mean and a T-Score of 40 indicates 1 standard deviation below the mean. A score below 50 indicated cognitive processing below that of an age and gender matched healthy control population. A score above 50 indicates cognitive processing above that of an age and gender matched healthy control population.

The MATRICS is neurocognitive battery designed to assess cognition. Sustained attention and Vigilance is a composite score based on the Continuous Performance Test -Identical Pairs. The score is a standardized T-Score which indicates the number of standard deviations above or below the mean, a T-Score of 50, in 10 point increments. A T-Score of 60 indicates 1 standard deviation above the mean and a T-Score of 40 indicates 1 standard deviation below the mean. A score below 50 indicated cognitive processing below that of an age and gender matched healthy control population. A score above 50 indicates cognitive processing above that of an age and gender matched healthy control population.

The MATRICS is neurocognitive battery designed to assess cognition. Verbal Learning is a composite score based on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised: Immediate Recall. The score is a standardized T-Score which indicates the number of standard deviations above or below the mean, a T-Score of 50, in 10 point increments. A T-Score of 60 indicates 1 standard deviation above the mean and a T-Score of 40 indicates 1 standard deviation below the mean. A score below 50 indicated cognitive processing below that of an age and gender matched healthy control population. A score above 50 indicates cognitive processing above that of an age and gender matched healthy control population.

The MATRICS is neurocognitive battery designed to assess cognition. Visual Learning is a composite score based on the Brief Visuospatial Memory test - Revised: Immediate Recall. The score is a standardized T-Score which indicates the number of standard deviations above or below the mean, a T-Score of 50, in 10 point increments. A T-Score of 60 indicates 1 standard deviation above the mean and a T-Score of 40 indicates 1 standard deviation below the mean. A score below 50 indicated cognitive processing below that of an age and gender matched healthy control population. A score above 50 indicates cognitive processing above that of an age and gender matched healthy control population.

The MATRICS is neurocognitive battery designed to assess cognition. Problem Solving is a composite score based on the NAB Mazes. The score is a standardized T-Score which indicates the number of standard deviations above or below the mean, a T-Score of 50, in 10 point increments. A T-Score of 60 indicates 1 standard deviation above the mean and a T-Score of 40 indicates 1 standard deviation below the mean. A score below 50 indicated cognitive processing below that of an age and gender matched healthy control population. A score above 50 indicates cognitive processing above that of an age and gender matched healthy control population.

Glutathione is a tripeptide comprised of three amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine) and acts as an antioxidant, a free radical scavanger and a detoxifying agent. Glutathione is an important co-factor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase used in the uptake of amino acids. The level of glutathione is measured in blood cells.

Cysteine is an amino acid, a building block for proteins and is used throughout the body and was measured in blood plasma.

GPxBC is a measurement of glutathiione peroxidase enzymatic activity in glutathione synthesis and the redox system in blood cells. Measured as umol/min/gHb from blood cells.

Glutamine is measured in the medial prefrontal cortex using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) and is a chemical that works to protect the brain from high levels of excitatory chemicals such as glutamate.

Glutamine is measured in the medial prefrontal cortex using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) and is a chemical that works to protect the brain from high levels of excitatory chemicals such as glutamate.

Brain marker, glutamate, was measured using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) in the medial prefrontal cortex. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Glutamine is measured in the medial prefrontal cortex using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) and is a chemical that works to protect the brain from high levels of excitatory chemicals such as glutamate.

measured by H-MRS in the medial prefrontal cortex Brain markers, glutathione was measured using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) in the medial prefrontal cortex. Glutathione is a tripeptide comprised of three amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine) and acts as an antioxidant, a free radical scavanger and a detoxifying agent. Glutathione is an important co-factor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase used in the uptake of amino acids.

measured by H-MRS in the medial prefrontal cortex Brain markers, glutathione was measured using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) in the medial prefrontal cortex. Glutathione is a tripeptide comprised of three amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine) and acts as an antioxidant, a free radical scavanger and a detoxifying agent. Glutathione is an important co-factor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase used in the uptake of amino acids.

Myo-Inositol is measured in the medial prefrontal cortex using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS)MRS and is a chemical that works to protect the brain from high levels of excitatory chemicals such as glutamate.

Myo-Inositol is measured in the medial prefrontal cortex using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS)MRS and is a chemical that works to protect the brain from high levels of excitatory chemicals such as glutamate.

Total of all reporting groups

Clinical Measure of Positive (7 items P1-P7) Negative Symptoms (7 items N1-N7) General Psychopathology Symptoms (G1-G16) total of 30 items

Assessed in the previous week:

RATING SCALE

1: Absent 2: Minimal 3: Mild 4: Moderate 5: Moderate Severe 6: Severe 7: Extreme The higher the score the worse the symptoms. The lowest possible score is 30 and the highesr possible score is 210.

Clinical Measure of Global level of Symptoms (Sx) and Functioning from 1 (Worst) to 100 (Best) in groups of 10:

100 - 91: Superior functioning 90 - 81: Absent or minimal Sx 80 - 71: If symptoms are present and expected 70 - 61:Some mild Sx 60 - 51: Moderate Sx 50 - 41: Serious Sx 40 - 31: Some impairment in reality testing or communication 30 - 21: Behavior is considerably influenced by delusions or hallucinations 20 - 11: Some danger of hurting self or others 10 - 1: Persistent danger of severely hurting self or others

Duration of time in days since onset of psychosis

Rating of Overall Social and Occupational Functioning on a scale of 1 (worst) to 100 (best) in groups of 10:

100-91: Superior functioning 90-81: Good functioning 80-71: Slight impairment 70-61: Some difficulty 60-51: Moderate difficulty 50-41: Serious impairment 40-31: Major impairment 30-21: Inability to function in almost all areas 20-11: Unable to function independently 10-1: Unable to function without harming self or others

The MCCB has 6 cognitive factors including: 1) processing speed (Trail Making Test, BACS: Symbol Coding, Category Fluency: Animal Naming), 2) sustained attention (Continuous Performance Test -Identical Pairs), 3) working memory (WMS-III Spatial Span and Letter-Number Span), 4) verbal learning (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised: Immediate Recall), 5) visual learning (Brief Visuospatial Memory test - Revised: Immediate Recall) and 6) problem solving (NAB Mazes). The T-score of 50 is an average score. Scores below 50 indicates cognitive processing lower than age matched healthy populations.

Numbers in each group analyzed based on those who completed baseline and post testing.

Dose of current antipsychotic medication in chlorpromazine equivalents

Cysteine is an amino acid, a building block for proteins and is used throughout the body and was measured in blood plasma.

GPxBC is a measurement of glutathiione peroxidase enzymatic activity in glutathione synthesis and the redox system in blood cells. Measured as umol/min/gHb from blood cells.

Glutathione is a tripeptide comprised of three amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine) and acts as an antioxidant, a free radical scavanger and a detoxifying agent. Glutathione is an important co-factor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase used in the uptake of amino acids. The level of glutathione is measured in blood cells.

Brain levels of glutamine and myo-Inositol were measured using Magnetic ResonanceSpectroscopy (H-MRS), both are chemicals that work to protect the brain from high levels of excitatory chemicals such as glutamate.

MRS was completed on fewer participants.

Brain markers, glutathione and glutamate were measured using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) in the medial prefrontal cortex. Glutathione is a tripeptide comprised of three amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine) and acts as an antioxidant, a free radical scavanger and a detoxifying agent. Glutathione is an important co-factor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase used in the uptake of amino acids. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Only 25 participants had the MRS.

matching effervescent tablets in water 2 in am and 1 in pm

n-acetylcysteine: 900 mg effervescent PharmaNAC tablet in water or juice: two tablets in the AM, one tablet in PM

Positive and Negative Symptom Scale was used to assess psychopathology. The Positive symptom subscale of schizophrenia includes the sum of items P1 -P7 including P1) Delusions, P2) conceptual Disorganization, P3) Hallunicatory Behavior, P4) Excitement, P5) Grandiosity, P6) Suspiciousness and Persecution, and P7) Hostility and were assessed for the previous week:

RATING SCALE

1: Absent 2: Minimal 3: Mild 4: Moderate 5: Moderate Severe 6: Severe 7: Extreme The higher the score the worse the symptoms. The lowest possible score is 7 and the highest possible score is 49 .

Analysis was done with participants who completed the 6 month treatment phase

Measure Description: Clinical Measure of Global level of Symptoms (Sx) and Functioning from 1 (Worst) to 100 (Best) in groups of 10:

100 - 91: Superior functioning 90 - 81: Absent or minimal Sx 80 - 71: If symptoms are present and expected 70 - 61:Some mild Sx 60 - 51: Moderate Sx 50 - 41: Serious Sx 40 - 31: Some impairment in reality testing or communication 30 - 21: Behavior is considerably influenced by delusions or hallucinations 20 - 11: Some danger of hurting self or others 10 - 1: Persistent danger of severely hurting self or others

Measure of social and occupational functioning using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale Measure Description: Rating of Overall Social and Occupational Functioning on a scale of 1 (worst) to 100 (best) in groups of 10:

100-91: Superior functioning 90-81: Good functioning 80-71: Slight impairment 70-61: Some difficulty 60-51: Moderate difficulty 50-41: Serious impairment 40-31: Major impairment 30-21: Inability to function in almost all areas 20-11: Unable to function independently 10-1: Unable to function without harming self or others

The MATRICS is neurocognitive battery designed to assess cognition. Processing speed is a composite score including the following tests: Trail Making Test, BACS: Symbol Coding, Category Fluency: Animal Naming. The score is a standardized T-Score which indicates the number of standard deviations above or below the mean, a T-Score of 50, in 10 point increments. A T-Score of 60 indicates 1 standard deviation above the mean and a T-Score of 40 indicates 1 standard deviation below the mean. A score below 50 indicated cognitive processing below that of an age and gender matched healthy control population. A score above 50 indicates cognitive processing above that of an age and gender matched healthy control population.

Analysis of cognitive data is based on those who completed the cognitive testing at 6 months which required a separate clinic appointment and thus the overall number of participants is lower due to a loss of that data from failure to keep the cognitive testing appointment.

The MATRICS is neurocognitive battery designed to assess cognition. Working Memory score is a composite score based on the following sub-test WMS-III Spatial Span and Letter-Number Span. The score is a standardized T-Score which indicates the number of standard deviations above or below the mean, a T-Score of 50, in 10 point increments. A T-Score of 60 indicates 1 standard deviation above the mean and a T-Score of 40 indicates 1 standard deviation below the mean. A score below 50 indicated cognitive processing below that of an age and gender matched healthy control population. A score above 50 indicates cognitive processing above that of an age and gender matched healthy control population.

Analysis of cognitive data is based on those who completed the cognitive testing at 6 months which required a separate clinic appointment and thus the overall number of participants is lower due to a loss of that data from failure to keep the cognitive testing appointment.

The MATRICS is neurocognitive battery designed to assess cognition. Sustained attention and Vigilance is a composite score based on the Continuous Performance Test -Identical Pairs. The score is a standardized T-Score which indicates the number of standard deviations above or below the mean, a T-Score of 50, in 10 point increments. A T-Score of 60 indicates 1 standard deviation above the mean and a T-Score of 40 indicates 1 standard deviation below the mean. A score below 50 indicated cognitive processing below that of an age and gender matched healthy control population. A score above 50 indicates cognitive processing above that of an age and gender matched healthy control population.

Analysis of cognitive data is based on those who completed the cognitive testing at 6 months which required a separate clinic appointment and thus the overall number of participants is lower due to a loss of that data from failure to keep the cognitive testing appointment.

The MATRICS is neurocognitive battery designed to assess cognition. Verbal Learning is a composite score based on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised: Immediate Recall. The score is a standardized T-Score which indicates the number of standard deviations above or below the mean, a T-Score of 50, in 10 point increments. A T-Score of 60 indicates 1 standard deviation above the mean and a T-Score of 40 indicates 1 standard deviation below the mean. A score below 50 indicated cognitive processing below that of an age and gender matched healthy control population. A score above 50 indicates cognitive processing above that of an age and gender matched healthy control population.

Analysis of cognitive data is based on those who completed the cognitive testing at 6 months which required a separate clinic appointment and thus the overall number of participants is lower due to a loss of that data from failure to keep the cognitive testing appointment.

The MATRICS is neurocognitive battery designed to assess cognition. Visual Learning is a composite score based on the Brief Visuospatial Memory test - Revised: Immediate Recall. The score is a standardized T-Score which indicates the number of standard deviations above or below the mean, a T-Score of 50, in 10 point increments. A T-Score of 60 indicates 1 standard deviation above the mean and a T-Score of 40 indicates 1 standard deviation below the mean. A score below 50 indicated cognitive processing below that of an age and gender matched healthy control population. A score above 50 indicates cognitive processing above that of an age and gender matched healthy control population.

Analysis of cognitive data is based on those who completed the cognitive testing at 6 months which required a separate clinic appointment and thus the overall number of participants is lower due to a loss of that data from failure to keep the cognitive testing appointment.

The MATRICS is neurocognitive battery designed to assess cognition. Problem Solving is a composite score based on the NAB Mazes. The score is a standardized T-Score which indicates the number of standard deviations above or below the mean, a T-Score of 50, in 10 point increments. A T-Score of 60 indicates 1 standard deviation above the mean and a T-Score of 40 indicates 1 standard deviation below the mean. A score below 50 indicated cognitive processing below that of an age and gender matched healthy control population. A score above 50 indicates cognitive processing above that of an age and gender matched healthy control population.

Analysis of cognitive data is based on those who completed the cognitive testing at 6 months which required a separate clinic appointment and thus the overall number of participants is lower due to a loss of that data from failure to keep the cognitive testing appointment.

Glutathione is a tripeptide comprised of three amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine) and acts as an antioxidant, a free radical scavanger and a detoxifying agent. Glutathione is an important co-factor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase used in the uptake of amino acids. The level of glutathione is measured in blood cells.

Cysteine is an amino acid, a building block for proteins and is used throughout the body and was measured in blood plasma.

GPxBC is a measurement of glutathiione peroxidase enzymatic activity in glutathione synthesis and the redox system in blood cells. Measured as umol/min/gHb from blood cells.

Glutamine is measured in the medial prefrontal cortex using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) and is a chemical that works to protect the brain from high levels of excitatory chemicals such as glutamate.

The number of subjects in the NAC and Placebo group is lower as not everyone in the study agreed to a MRS, in addition the MRS was only done at the Switzerland site.

Glutamine is measured in the medial prefrontal cortex using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) and is a chemical that works to protect the brain from high levels of excitatory chemicals such as glutamate.

The number of subjects in the NAC and Placebo group is lower as not everyone in the study agreed to a MRS, in addition the MRS was only done at the Switzerland site.

Brain marker, glutamate, was measured using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) in the medial prefrontal cortex. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

The number of subjects in the NAC and Placebo group is lower as not everyone in the study agreed to a MRS, in addition the MRS was only done at the Switzerland site.

Glutamine is measured in the medial prefrontal cortex using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) and is a chemical that works to protect the brain from high levels of excitatory chemicals such as glutamate.

The number of subjects in the NAC and Placebo group is lower as not everyone in the study agreed to a MRS, in addition the MRS was only done at the Switzerland site.

measured by H-MRS in the medial prefrontal cortex Brain markers, glutathione was measured using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) in the medial prefrontal cortex. Glutathione is a tripeptide comprised of three amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine) and acts as an antioxidant, a free radical scavanger and a detoxifying agent. Glutathione is an important co-factor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase used in the uptake of amino acids.

The number of subjects in the NAC and Placebo group is lower as not everyone in the study agreed to a MRS, in addition the MRS was only done at the Switzerland site.

measured by H-MRS in the medial prefrontal cortex Brain markers, glutathione was measured using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) in the medial prefrontal cortex. Glutathione is a tripeptide comprised of three amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine) and acts as an antioxidant, a free radical scavanger and a detoxifying agent. Glutathione is an important co-factor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase used in the uptake of amino acids.

The number of subjects in the NAC and Placebo group is lower as not everyone in the study agreed to a MRS, in addition the MRS was only done at the Switzerland site.

Myo-Inositol is measured in the medial prefrontal cortex using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS)MRS and is a chemical that works to protect the brain from high levels of excitatory chemicals such as glutamate.

The number of subjects in the NAC and Placebo group is lower as not everyone in the study agreed to a MRS, in addition the MRS was only done at the Switzerland site.

Myo-Inositol is measured in the medial prefrontal cortex using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS)MRS and is a chemical that works to protect the brain from high levels of excitatory chemicals such as glutamate.

The number of subjects in the NAC and Placebo group is lower as not everyone in the study agreed to a MRS, in addition the MRS was only done at the Switzerland site.

matching effervescent tablets in water 2 in am and 1 in pm

n-acetylcysteine: 900 mg effervescent PharmaNAC tablet in water or juice: two tablets in the AM, one tablet in PM