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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Community Pharmacy Foundation | OTHER |
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It has been shown that patients can improve their safety through informed choice, safe medication use, and complication reporting. This includes not only the potential problems that occur from prescription medication use but also issues that may arise through the improper use of over-the-counter medications. The willingness of a patient to take on safety action is known to be complicated by an unwillingness to behave in a manner that might challenge a physician's judgment or actions. Community pharmacists are in the unique position to provide perspective on the physician's recommendation and act as an advocate to facilitate necessary change. Through supportive and repeated interaction with their community pharmacist patients will develop assertiveness toward their own health care, an increased frequency and quality of interaction with their physician, and thus a minimized risk of harm and maximized opportunity to optimize clinical outcomes.
This is a single center, observational study to determine if geriatric patients who are on five or more chronic medications will have a difference in clinical, humanistic, and/or economic outcome through an integrated clinical pharmacy service intervention. The primary efficacy objective will be assessed through a single cohort, paired research design measuring the change from baseline in the adherence rate, number of medication related problems, and Beers criteria medications. The primary economic objective will be assessed through prescription revenue to validate the employment of a 0.5-1.0 Full-time equivalent (FTE). Secondary efficacy objectives will be assessed through a single cohort, paired research design measuring the change from baseline in the health literacy, optimization in the anthropometrics, and health related quality of life (HRQOL).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age 65 years or over AND at least 5 chronic medications | Other |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medication adherence consultation | Behavioral | Patients will be counseled in person on day 0 then telephonically every month after until day 365. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Medication adherence | To determine if an integrated clinical pharmacy service program in geriatric patients can maintain a medication adherence rate ≥80%. | Every 30 days for 12 months |
| Medication related problems | To determine if an integrated clinical pharmacy service program in geriatric patients can reduce the number of medication related problems by ≥10%. | Every 30 days for 12 months |
| Beers criteria medications | To determine if an integrated clinical pharmacy service program in geriatric patients can reduce the number of Beers criteria medications by ≥10%. | Every month for 12 months |
| Economic impact | To determine the number of patients required to validate a part-time or full-time pharmacist to perform the required clinical functions of the clinical pharmacy service geriatric program. | 12 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Health literacy | To determine if an integrated clinical pharmacy service program in geriatric patients can improve health literacy as evidenced by the REALM-SF. | 12 months |
| Optimizing Anthropometrics |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VascuScript Pharmacy | Cheektowaga | New York | 14225 | United States |
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| Medication problems assessment | Other | Patients will be asked if they are having any issues that may be attributable to their current drug therapy on a monthly basis. Any issue that is identified will be addressed by the pharmacist. |
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| Beer's Criteria Assessment | Other | The patient's drug therapy will be reviewed for Beer's criteria medications and possible alternatives will be addressed by the pharmacist if deemed appropriate. |
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| Health Literacy Assessment | Behavioral | Patients will be given a Health Literacy Assessment on day 0 and day 365 using the Realm-SF. |
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To determine if an integrated clinical pharmacy service program in geriatric patients can demonstrate ≥10% improvement and/or greater optimization of patient weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose (if applicable).
| 12 months |
| Quality of Life | To determine if an integrated clinical pharmacy service program in geriatric patients can improve quality of life as evidenced by the CDC HRQOL Healthy Days Core Module. | 12 months |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055118 | Medication Adherence |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010349 | Patient Compliance |
| D010342 | Patient Acceptance of Health Care |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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