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Study objectives: to evaluate the effects of information about benefits and risks of mammography screening on participants in terms of knowledge, attitude, rates of uptake, fear of cancer, anxiety, and conflict decision. Study hypothesis: information about benefit and risks of mammography screening increases the women´s knowledge of it; allows women to make an informed decision on whether to stop or continue the screening program, changing the actual participation rate; anxiety and fear are not increased. Design: randomized controlled clinical trial with non-pharmacological intervention. Subjects and setting of study: women referred to mammography screening in the District Bay of Cádiz-La Janda. Interventions: random assignment of women in two arms according to the information provided. Control arm is the standard information; it consists of receiving information normally provided to women attending the screening program for breast cancer. Intervention arm is the experimental information and consists of receiving accurate verbal and written information about the benefits and real risks of mammography screening programs by a physician investigator. Determinations: knowledge, attitude, rates of uptake, fear of cancer, anxiety, and conflict decision.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Evidence-based informed consent | Experimental |
| |
| Usual information | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Information | Other | The experimental information consists of receiving verbal and written evidence-based information about the benefits and risks of mammography screening program. The standard information consists of receiving the information that public institutions provide to the women invited to the screening program. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in knowledge of women participating in the screening program | The primary outcome measure is the level of knowledge obtained in a specific questionnaire, in which there are 7 questions, of which 3 are quantitative with no assumptions and are scored with 2 points. There are also 4 qualitative questions that have 3 assumptions which are scored with 1 point. The maximum score is 10 and minimum 0. It is considered that a woman has made a choice based on adequate knowledge if she gets a score of 6 or more. | Before randomization (baseline) and one month later |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Attitudes, intention to participate, fear and anxiety of women participating in the screening program | The investigators will investigate whether the attitudes of women towards mammography screening are positive or negative. They will respond to 4 questions that are scored from 0 to 6. To know their decision whether to participate in mammography screening they will answer "I am determined to participate" "I am determined not to participate" and "I am undecided". Effective participation will be investigated 2 years later. The level of anxiety and fear of cancer will be measured by "Hospital Anxiety and depression" scale. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| José M Baena-Cañada, MD, PhD | Oncology Unit, University Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz | Study Chair |
| Petra Rosado, MD | Oncology Unit, University Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz | Study Director |
| Inmaculada Expósito, Chemistry | Oncology Unit, University Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz | Principal Investigator |
| María del Carmen Díaz, Chemistry | Oncology Unit, University Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz | Principal Investigator |
| Juan Nieto, MD | Health District Bay of Cádiz-La Janda | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oncology Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital | Cadiz | Andalusia | 11009 | Spain |
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| Before randomization (baseline) and one month later. Two years later, women will be called to the follow-up mammography. At this time the real choice taken by woman will be investigated |