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Unable to adequately enroll over a reasonable enrollment period.
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The purpose of this study is to determine if the reduction of the total amount of sedative critically pediatric ill patients receive in the PICU will achieve a significant decrease in mechanical ventilation days and a decrease in the overall length of stay in the PICU and hospital.
Continuous sedative infusions have been associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, longer stay in the intensive care unit (PICU) and total hospital stay. Also, extended duration of continuous sedative infusions limits the ability to assess for adequate neurologic function.
There is, however, no published data on the use of daily interruption of continuous sedative infusions in pediatric patients, nor are there any recommendations from the leading pediatric critical care groups regarding this issue. Infants and children exposed to noxious stimuli (endotracheal tube, endotracheal suctioning, mechanical ventilation, indwelling catheters) in addition to an unknown environment are less likely to cooperate during normal daily interventions in the PICU. Continuous infusions of benzodiazepines and opioids in addition to as needed (PRN) bolus doses have been the standard of care in our institution for mechanically ventilated patients.
The study seeks to determine if reducing the total dose of sedatives, by holding them in a cyclical manner, will be a safe and effective intervention that will not increase adverse patient outcomes. This will be achieved by limiting the patient tolerance to the sedatives, decreasing the body total deposit of sedatives and subsequently decreases awakening time when patient is ready for extubation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | In this arm Fentanyl and Midazolam was replaced with placebo (normal saline) during cycling. At cycling time for midazolam, the continuous infusion of midazolam was stopped by the bedside nurse. The nurse started a pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug M" which contained the placebo drug (normal saline). The switch to Study Drug M occurred twice daily at 0800 and 2000 for a period of 3 hours each. At cycling time for fentanyl, the continuous infusion of fentanyl was stopped by the bedside nurse. The pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug F," which contained the placebo drug (normal saline), was started. The switch Study Drug F occurred twice daily at 1400 and 0200 for a period of 3 hours each. Dosing was done per standard of care and not prescribed per protocol |
|
| Control Group | Active Comparator | In this arm, midazolam and fentanyl were administered during cycling. At cycling time for midazolam, the continuous infusion of midazolam was stopped by the bedside nurse. The nurse started a pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug M" which contained the control drug (midazolam). The switch to Study Drug M occurred twice daily at 0800 and 2000 for a period of 3 hours each. At cycling time for fentanyl, the continuous infusion of fentanyl was stopped by the bedside nurse. The pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug F," which contained the control drug (fentanyl), was started. The switch to Study Drug F occurred twice daily at 1400 and 0200 for a period of 3 hours each. Dosing was done per standard of care and not prescribed per protocol. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Midazolam | Drug |
|
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of Mechanical Ventilation Days | Participants will be followed for an expected average of 4 days. The Data Safety Monitoring Group will review the data every 6 months. | From date of randomization until the date of discharge from PICU, assessed up to 1 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| PICU Length of Stay | Participants will be followed for an expected average of 7 days. This secondary endpoint is to be evaluated every six months. | From date of randomization until the date of discharge from PICU, assessed up to 1 month |
| Hospital Length of Stay |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Javier Gelvez, MD | Cook Children's Physician Network | Principal Investigator |
| Linda L Thompson, MD | Cook Children's Physician Network | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cook Children's Medical Center | Fort Worth | Texas | 76104 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10816184 | Background | Kress JP, Pohlman AS, O'Connor MF, Hall JB. Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med. 2000 May 18;342(20):1471-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200005183422002. | |
| 9726743 | Background | Kollef MH, Levy NT, Ahrens TS, Schaiff R, Prentice D, Sherman G. The use of continuous i.v. sedation is associated with prolongation of mechanical ventilation. Chest. 1998 Aug;114(2):541-8. doi: 10.1378/chest.114.2.541. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Click here for more information about this study: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of cycling continuous sedative infusions in critically ill pediatric patients requiring mechanical ventilation | View source |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Experimental Group | In this arm Fentanyl and Midazolam was replaced with placebo (normal saline) during cycling. At cycling time for midazolam, the continuous infusion of midazolam was stopped by the bedside nurse. The nurse started a pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug M" which contained the placebo drug (normal saline). The switch to Study Drug M occurred twice daily at 0800 and 2000 for a period of 3 hours each. At cycling time for fentanyl, the continuous infusion of fentanyl was stopped by the bedside nurse. The pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug F," which contained the placebo drug (normal saline), was started. The switch Study Drug F occurred twice daily at 1400 and 0200 for a period of 3 hours each. Dosing was done per standard of care and not prescribed per protocol. |
| FG001 | Control Group | In this arm, midazolam and fentanyl were administered during cycling. At cycling time for midazolam, the continuous infusion of midazolam was stopped by the bedside nurse. The nurse started a pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug M" which contained the control drug (midazolam). The switch to Study Drug M occurred twice daily at 0800 and 2000 for a period of 3 hours each. At cycling time for fentanyl, the continuous infusion of fentanyl was stopped by the bedside nurse. The pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug F," which contained the control drug (fentanyl), was started. The switch to Study Drug F occurred twice daily at 1400 and 0200 for a period of 3 hours each. Dosing was done per standard of care and not prescribed per protocol. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Experimental Group | In this arm Fentanyl and Midazolam was replaced with placebo (normal saline) during cycling. At cycling time for midazolam, the continuous infusion of midazolam was stopped by the bedside nurse. The nurse started a pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug M" which contained the placebo drug (normal saline). The switch to Study Drug M occurred twice daily at 0800 and 2000 for a period of 3 hours each. At cycling time for fentanyl, the continuous infusion of fentanyl was stopped by the bedside nurse. The pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug F," which contained the placebo drug (normal saline), was started. The switch Study Drug F occurred twice daily at 1400 and 0200 for a period of 3 hours each. Dosing was done per standard of care and not prescribed per protocol. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Duration of Mechanical Ventilation Days | Participants will be followed for an expected average of 4 days. The Data Safety Monitoring Group will review the data every 6 months. | In October of 2012, the DSMB unanimously voted to close this study due to safety concerns and inactivity. The Board noted that recruitment goals had not been met and statistical analysis could not be made with current data. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | days | From date of randomization until the date of discharge from PICU, assessed up to 1 month |
|
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Experimental Group | In this arm Fentanyl and Midazolam was replaced with placebo (normal saline) during cycling. At cycling time for midazolam, the continuous infusion of midazolam was stopped by the bedside nurse. The nurse started a pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug M" which contained the placebo drug (normal saline). The switch to Study Drug M occurred twice daily at 0800 and 2000 for a period of 3 hours each. At cycling time for fentanyl, the continuous infusion of fentanyl was stopped by the bedside nurse. The pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug F," which contained the placebo drug (normal saline), was started. The switch Study Drug F occurred twice daily at 1400 and 0200 for a period of 3 hours each. Dosing was done per standard of care and not prescribed per protocol. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graft vs Host Disease | Immune system disorders | Unrelated |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FiO2 increased | Surgical and medical procedures |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Javier Gelvez, MD | Cook Children's Medical Center | Javier.Gelvez@cookchildrens.org |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012131 | Respiratory Insufficiency |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008874 | Midazolam |
| D000077330 | Saline Solution |
| D005283 | Fentanyl |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001569 | Benzodiazepines |
| D001552 | Benzazepines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
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| Normal saline |
| Drug |
|
|
| Fentanyl | Drug |
|
|
Participants will be followed for an expected average of 7 days in PICU and 10 days of hospitalization. This secondary endpoint is to be evaluated every six months. |
| From date of hospital admission to date of hospital discharge, assessed up to 6 weeks |
| 11902253 | Background | Jacobi J, Fraser GL, Coursin DB, Riker RR, Fontaine D, Wittbrodt ET, Chalfin DB, Masica MF, Bjerke HS, Coplin WM, Crippen DW, Fuchs BD, Kelleher RM, Marik PE, Nasraway SA Jr, Murray MJ, Peruzzi WT, Lumb PD; Task Force of the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), American College of Chest Physicians. Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult. Crit Care Med. 2002 Jan;30(1):119-41. doi: 10.1097/00003246-200201000-00020. No abstract available. |
| 15636661 | Background | Ista E, van Dijk M, Tibboel D, de Hoog M. Assessment of sedation levels in pediatric intensive care patients can be improved by using the COMFORT "behavior" scale. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005 Jan;6(1):58-63. doi: 10.1097/01.PCC.0000149318.40279.1A. |
| 15659992 | Background | van Dijk M, Peters JW, van Deventer P, Tibboel D. The COMFORT Behavior Scale: a tool for assessing pain and sedation in infants. Am J Nurs. 2005 Jan;105(1):33-6. doi: 10.1097/00000446-200501000-00019. No abstract available. |
| 14525802 | Background | Kress JP, Gehlbach B, Lacy M, Pliskin N, Pohlman AS, Hall JB. The long-term psychological effects of daily sedative interruption on critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 Dec 15;168(12):1457-61. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200303-455OC. Epub 2003 Oct 2. |
| 17205005 | Background | Kress JP, Vinayak AG, Levitt J, Schweickert WD, Gehlbach BK, Zimmerman F, Pohlman AS, Hall JB. Daily sedative interruption in mechanically ventilated patients at risk for coronary artery disease. Crit Care Med. 2007 Feb;35(2):365-71. doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000254334.46406.B3. |
| 18244955 | Background | Colville G, Kerry S, Pierce C. Children's factual and delusional memories of intensive care. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 May 1;177(9):976-82. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200706-857OC. Epub 2008 Jan 31. |
| 15069396 | Background | Connolly D, McClowry S, Hayman L, Mahony L, Artman M. Posttraumatic stress disorder in children after cardiac surgery. J Pediatr. 2004 Apr;144(4):480-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.12.048. |
| BG001 | Control Group | In this arm, midazolam and fentanyl were administered during cycling. At cycling time for midazolam, the continuous infusion of midazolam was stopped by the bedside nurse. The nurse started a pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug M" which contained the control drug (midazolam). The switch to Study Drug M occurred twice daily at 0800 and 2000 for a period of 3 hours each. At cycling time for fentanyl, the continuous infusion of fentanyl was stopped by the bedside nurse. The pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug F," which contained the control drug (fentanyl), was started. The switch to Study Drug F occurred twice daily at 1400 and 0200 for a period of 3 hours each. Dosing was done per standard of care and not prescribed per protocol. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Median | Full Range | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| OG001 | Control Group | In this arm, midazolam and fentanyl were administered during cycling. At cycling time for midazolam, the continuous infusion of midazolam was stopped by the bedside nurse. The nurse started a pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug M" which contained the control drug (midazolam). The switch to Study Drug M occurred twice daily at 0800 and 2000 for a period of 3 hours each. At cycling time for fentanyl, the continuous infusion of fentanyl was stopped by the bedside nurse. The pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug F," which contained the control drug (fentanyl), was started. The switch to Study Drug F occurred twice daily at 1400 and 0200 for a period of 3 hours each. Dosing was done per standard of care and not prescribed per protocol. |
|
|
| Secondary | PICU Length of Stay | Participants will be followed for an expected average of 7 days. This secondary endpoint is to be evaluated every six months. | In October of 2012, the DSMB unanimously voted to close this study due to safety concerns and inactivity. The Board noted that recruitment goals had not been met and statistical analysis could not be made with current data. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | days | From date of randomization until the date of discharge from PICU, assessed up to 1 month |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Hospital Length of Stay | Participants will be followed for an expected average of 7 days in PICU and 10 days of hospitalization. This secondary endpoint is to be evaluated every six months. | In October of 2012, the DSMB unanimously voted to close this study due to safety concerns and inactivity. The Board noted that recruitment goals had not been met and statistical analysis could not be made with current data | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | days | From date of hospital admission to date of hospital discharge, assessed up to 6 weeks |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 14 |
| 2 |
| 14 |
| 7 |
| 14 |
| EG001 | Control Group | In this arm, midazolam and fentanyl were administered during cycling. At cycling time for midazolam, the continuous infusion of midazolam was stopped by the bedside nurse. The nurse started a pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug M" which contained the control drug (midazolam). The switch to Study Drug M occurred twice daily at 0800 and 2000 for a period of 3 hours each. At cycling time for fentanyl, the continuous infusion of fentanyl was stopped by the bedside nurse. The pump containing a syringe labeled "Study Drug F," which contained the control drug (fentanyl), was started. The switch to Study Drug F occurred twice daily at 1400 and 0200 for a period of 3 hours each. Dosing was done per standard of care and not prescribed per protocol. | 1 | 11 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 11 |
| Cardiomyopathy | Cardiac disorders | Unrelated: required ECMO intervention |
|
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| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D000077324 | Crystalloid Solutions |
| D007552 | Isotonic Solutions |
| D012996 | Solutions |
| D004364 | Pharmaceutical Preparations |
| D010880 | Piperidines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |