Responder was defined as having at least 3 spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs)/week with at least 1 SBM/week increase over baseline for at least 9 out of the 12 treatment weeks and 3 out of the last 4 treatment weeks during the double-blind treatment period. An SBM is a bowel movement occurring 24 hours or more since the last use of rescue medication.

The ITT analysis set included all randomized patients, with the exception of patients who were found to have randomized multiple times within the program at different centers.

Responder is defined as having at least 3 SBMs/week, with at least 1 SBM/week increase over baseline for at least 9 out of 12 weeks and at least 3 out of the last 4 weeks.

The ITT analysis set included all randomized patients, with the exception of patients who were found to have randomized multiple times within the program at different centers. The LIR subgroup used 1 or more laxative classes for at least 4 days in the 2 weeks prior to entry and reported moderate to very severe symptoms.

The ITT analysis set included all randomized patients, with the exception of patients who were found to have randomized multiple times within the program at different centers.

The ITT analysis set included all randomized patients who had evaluable data at baseline and post-baseline, with the exception of patients who were found to have randomized multiple times within the program at different centers.

A single-item straining question was asked via the eDiary: "How much did you strain during your bowel movement?" Patients responded on a 5 point Likert scale: 1=Not at all; 2=A little bit; 3=A moderate amount; 4=A great deal; 5=An extreme amount. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.

The ITT analysis set included all randomized patients who had evaluable data at baseline and post-baseline, with the exception of patients who were found to have randomized multiple times within the program at different centers.

Patients rated stool consistency through completion of the BSS after each BM. The 7 stool types are: 1. Separate hard lumps, like nuts (hard to pass); 2. Sausage-shaped, but lumpy; 3. Like sausage, but with cracks on its surface; 4. Like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft; 5. Soft blobs with clear cut edges (passed easily); 6. Fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool; 7. Watery, no solid pieces. A positive change from baseline indicates improvement.

The ITT analysis set included all randomized patients who had evaluable data at baseline and post-baseline, with the exception of patients who were found to have randomized multiple times within the program at different centers.

A single-item question on the completeness of evacuation, developed and validated through 1:1 interviews with OIC patients, was asked via the eDiary: "Did you feel like your bowels were completely empty after the bowel movement?" Patients provided a yes or a no response. A positive change from baseline indicates improvement.

The ITT analysis set included all randomized patients who had evaluable data at baseline and post-baseline, with the exception of patients who were found to have randomized multiple times within the program at different centers.

The number of spontaneous bowel movements/week was determined from the patient's eDiary.

The ITT analysis set included all randomized patients who had evaluable data at baseline and post-baseline, with the exception of patients who were found to have randomized multiple times within the program at different centers.

Time to first post-dose laxation without the use of rescue laxatives within the last 24 hours was calculated in hours as: Date/Time of first post-dose laxation without rescue - First dose date/time.

The ITT analysis set included all randomized patients, with the exception of patients who were found to have randomized multiple times within the program at different centers.

The PAC-SYM questionnaire is a 12-item questionnaire that evaluates the severity of symptoms of constipation in 3 domains (stool, rectal, and abdominal symptoms) on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (absent) to 4 (very severe) in the 2 weeks (14 days) prior to assessment. Each domain score is the mean of the non-missing items for that domain. The total score is the mean of all non-missing items (ie, symptoms). The range of the domain or total score is 0 (response is 'absent' for each item) to 4 (response is 'very severe' for each item). A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.

The ITT analysis set included all randomized patients who had evaluable data at baseline and post-baseline, with the exception of patients who randomized multiple times at different centers. MMRM analysis includes all patients with baseline and at least 1 post-baseline assessment, while the Ns at Week 12 reflect patients providing data at Week 12.

The PAC-QOL scale is a 28-item self-report instrument designed to evaluate the burden of constipation on patients' everyday functioning and well-being in the 2 weeks (14 days) prior to assessment. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). The instrument can be used to generate an overall score, but is also reported to assess 4 specific constipation-related domains including: 1) Worries and concerns (11 items), 2) Physical discomfort (4 items), 3) Psychosocial discomfort (8 items), and 4) Satisfaction (5 items). Each domain score is the mean of the non-missing items for that domain. The total score is the mean of all non-missing items. The range of the domain or total score is 0 (response is 'not at all' for each item) to 4 (response is 'extremely' for each item). A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.

The ITT analysis set included all randomized patients who had evaluable data at baseline and post-baseline, with the exception of patients who randomized multiple times at different centers. MMRM analysis includes all patients with baseline and at least 1 post-baseline assessment, while the Ns at Week 12 reflect patients providing data at Week 12.