Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Because cure rates for osteosarcoma have remained stagnant for the past several decades despite numerous trials of chemotherapy agents, novel therapies based on the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of osteosarcoma are needed. Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome (RTS) is a genetic disorder affecting many parts of the body and resulting in major skeletal abnormalities. This disease also has the propensity to increase the risk of developing cancer, particularly osteosarcoma. Two-thirds of RTS patients have a high risk of developing osteosarcoma. Therefore, it is important to understand the impact of RTS on the skeletal phenotype (as measured by bone density) in order to develop effective therapies to battle osteosarcoma.

This is an evaluation of bone calcium deposition in patients with Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome (RTS).

This study includes one study visit during which subjects will be admitted to the inpatient unit in the Pediatric GCRC at TCH where they will undergo comprehensive clinical evaluations by a team of physicians familiar with RTS as well as bone-specific studies divided into four parts. Procedures for this study may be combined with procedures for H-9106, another protocol for patients with RTS by Dr. Wang.

Subjects will arrive at the GCRC at TCH after an overnight fast. Per TCH pain management protocols, numbing creams and sprays will be offered to the subject prior to the blood draw. Tylenol per TCH pain protocol is allowed. All food and beverages consumed at the GCRC will be pre-arranged by the study dietitian and weighed by the GCRC nutrition staff. Additional food is not allowed unless approved by the study dietitian.

Subjects will be asked to provide a 3-day written dietary history as well as food preferences for the GCRC study day. For the first meal of the study day, subjects will consume 180 mL of low-fat milk or orange juice to which 20 micrograms of 46Ca will have been added. (If milk is used as the vehicle for the isotope, the 46Ca will be added 18-24 hours in advance.)

Immediately after breakfast, subjects will receive 5 mg of 42Ca intravenously over 2-3 minutes. The beginning of this infusion will serve as Time 0. After the infusion is complete, the catheter hub will be changed in preparation for the subsequent blood draws. Samples for calcium isotope ratio measurement (0.5 ml of whole blood) will be obtained at 6, 12, 20, 40, 120, 180, 240, and 480 minutes after the infusion.

GCRC will provide weighed diets for the study day as directed by the study dietitian. Each meal should contain approximately 300 mg of calcium and each snack should provide negligible calcium. A complete 24-hour urine collection in 8 hour aliquots will be performed while at the GCRC starting with the first void after the isotopes are given.

After completion of this 24 hour period, the subjects will be discharged. They will continue to collect all of their urine in 8 hour aliquots for an additional 24 hours and then will collect three spot urine samples each day for the next 6 days. These samples will then be mailed to the CNRC research laboratory of Dr. Steven Abrams where they will be analyzed for isotope ratios by mass spectrometry analysis.

Upon discharge, subjects will receive a food scale and instruction sheets on recording their dietary intake for the next 3 days (i.e., weighed food record). While inpatient, the study dietitian will instruct the family on the guidelines for recording this intake. After the 3 days, the food scale and records will be returned to the CNRC for analysis.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients at least four years of age who have been diagnosed clinically with RTS by a physician.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any person who does not meet the inclusion criteria.

1 year

Single measurement of bone density is less informative than serial measurements. Individuals with RTS are typically below the 5th percentile for height, and thus age adjusted Z-scores may overestimate the magnitude of low bone mass.