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The aim of this study is to investigate sterility of ethyl-chloride topical anesthetic spray when used prior to an injection. The hypothesis is that the spray does not change the sterility of the injection site after skin is prepped.
This is an IRB-approved, prospective, blinded, controlled study. In the first set of experiments, skin sterility is assessed. Healthy adult subjects are prepared for mock injections of shoulders and knees. No injection is performed. Each site has a set of 3 skin cultures: 1) prior to the alcohol prep (pre-prep), 2) post-alcohol prep (pre-spray), and 3) after ethyl-chloride was sprayed on the site (post-spray). In the second set of experiments, sterility of ethyl chloride is tested directly by culturing the liquid from the spray bottles.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Volunteers | 15 healthy volunteers were recruited |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| culture positivity | Cultures before and after Ethyl-Chloride spray are compared to see if there is any difference. | 5 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Native skin flora | Cultures of skin prior to skin prep are taken to define to native flora at the shoulder and knee area. | 5days |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Healty adult (18-85) volunteers
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Robin M Gehrmann, MD | Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UMDNJ UH | Newark | New Jersey | 07103 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2208537 | Background | Armstrong P, Young C, McKeown D. Ethyl chloride and venepuncture pain: a comparison with intradermal lidocaine. Can J Anaesth. 1990 Sep;37(6):656-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03006485. | |
| 9374583 | Background | Cohen Reis E, Holubkov R. Vapocoolant spray is equally effective as EMLA cream in reducing immunization pain in school-aged children. Pediatrics. 1997 Dec;100(6):E5. doi: 10.1542/peds.100.6.e5. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007246 | Infertility |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
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| 17572521 | Background | Soueid A, Richard B. Ethyl chloride as a cryoanalgesic in pediatrics for venipuncture. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2007 Jun;23(6):380-3. doi: 10.1097/01.pec.0000278396.25129.3f. |
| 20142994 | Background | Weiss JE, Uribe AG, Malleson PN, Kimura Y. Anesthesia for intra-articular corticosteroid injections in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A survey of pediatric rheumatologists. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2010 Jan 13;8:3. doi: 10.1186/1546-0096-8-3. |
| 17097428 | Background | Burney K, Bowker K, Reynolds R, Bradley M. Topical ethyl chloride fine spray. Does it have any antimicrobial activity? Clin Radiol. 2006 Dec;61(12):1055-7. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2006.07.009. |
| 19651954 | Background | Saltzman MD, Nuber GW, Gryzlo SM, Marecek GS, Koh JL. Efficacy of surgical preparation solutions in shoulder surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 Aug;91(8):1949-53. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.H.00768. |
| 22257997 | Derived | Polishchuk D, Gehrmann R, Tan V. Skin sterility after application of ethyl chloride spray. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012 Jan 18;94(2):118-20. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.K.00229. |