changes were made to the which needed an entireley new submission

Glucose has analgesic and calming effects in newborns. To date, it is not known whether the beneficial effects extend to care giving procedures that are performed after painful procedures. The investigators objective is to determine the effect of glucose 25% analgesia for procedural pain on infant pain responses during a subsequent care giving procedure.

Pain in the newborn and young infant is a source of stress for the infant, family and care providers.

During hospitalization, a neonate undergoes a number of necessary procedures that may be either painful or cause discomfort to the baby.

Pain experienced during the neonatal period is known to have long term effects on the baby.

The red-reflex test is a routine examination performed on a neonate after birth and once again before discharge from the hospital. The examination causes discomfort to the infant.

Glucose has analgesic and calming effects in newborns. To date, it is not known whether the beneficial effects extend to care giving procedures that are performed after painful procedures. Our objective is to determine the effect of glucose 25% analgesia for procedural pain on infant pain responses during a subsequent care giving procedure.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Full term above 37 weeks gestation.
• Normal birth-weight, healthy infants
• Males and Females
• Whose parents have signed the informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

• Premature born below 37 weeks
• Chromosomal abnormalities or congenital malformation.
• Suffering neurological imbalance
• Inability of oral feeding