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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) | OTHER_GOV |
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Primary Hypothesis: Participants in the Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) gatekeeper training will be significantly more likely to have increased knowledge and preparedness to help people with suicidal ideation than participants who receive the resilience retreat.
Secondary Hypotheses:
Inclusion criterion: All members of the Swampy Cree Tribal communities who are currently residing on the reserves will be eligible to participate in the study.
Exclusion criterion: Exclusion criteria for the study include being less than 16 years of age, prior training in SafeTALK or ASIST, being an elected official in a First Nations community, and inability to read or write.
Primary outcome: Skills in Suicide Intervention: Suicide Intervention Response Inventory.The Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (SIRI) will be used to detect enhancement of intervention skills in participants. The SIRI is a self-administered test that was designed to measure competence in choosing appropriate response to a series of clinical scenarios with suicidal individuals. Research on the SIRI has shown its good psychometric properties, freedom from social desirability effects, and responsiveness to training in suicide prevention. It contains 25 items, each of which consists of a "client" remark and two "helper" responses. Responses are judged based on response options made by highly expert suicidologists. The SIRI has shown good internal consistency with alpha of 0.834, and good test-retest reliability.
Secondary Outcomes:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Experimental | ASIST is a 2-day intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid. |
|
| Resilience Retreat | Active Comparator | The two days will be divided into cultural activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, story telling and dance. Two First Nations community leaders will be identified to lead each of the two retreats. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training | Behavioral | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| SIRI Questionnaire Score | The Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (SIRI-2) will be used to detect enhancement of intervention skills in participants. The 25-item SIRI-2 is a self-administered test that was designed to measure competnce in choosing appropriate response to a series of clinical scenarios with suicidal individuals. Research on the SIRI-2 has shown its good psychometric properties, freedom from social desirabiity effects and responsiveness to training in suicide prevention. | pre-training, post-training and 6 mo follow up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-perceived Confidence in Helping a Suicidal Individual | Meaures the level of confidence that the individual believes they have in helping a suicidal person based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all confident) to 4 (very confident). | pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up |
| Self-perceived Skill in Helping a Suicidal Individual |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jitender Sareen, MD | Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Manitoba Department of Psychiatry | Winnipeg | Manitoba | R3E 3N4 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23761133 | Derived | Sareen J, Isaak C, Bolton SL, Enns MW, Elias B, Deane F, Munro G, Stein MB, Chateau D, Gould M, Katz LY. Gatekeeper training for suicide prevention in First Nations community members: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2013 Oct;30(10):1021-9. doi: 10.1002/da.22141. Epub 2013 Jun 12. |
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From all eligible applications, we selected participants using a random number generator based on receipt of application until we had six adolescents, four adults, and two elders in each community who met criteria for participation in the study.
Various methods of advertising for volunteers was used (i.e., radio advertisements, newsletters, posters). Community activities were organized by community representatives in an effort to recruit individuals to participate in the study (i.e., through a bingo night, barbecue, etc.) between May 2010 and May 2011.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid. |
| FG001 | Resilience Retreat | The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-post Training |
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| 6 Month Follow-up |
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The number of baseline participants reflects the number of participants that showed up on the day of training, as that was our first point of contact and the time point at which the baseline questionnaire was given. This is different than the number of people that we invited to participate in the study.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized | Number |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | SIRI Questionnaire Score | The Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (SIRI-2) will be used to detect enhancement of intervention skills in participants. The 25-item SIRI-2 is a self-administered test that was designed to measure competnce in choosing appropriate response to a series of clinical scenarios with suicidal individuals. Research on the SIRI-2 has shown its good psychometric properties, freedom from social desirabiity effects and responsiveness to training in suicide prevention. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | number of items correct | pre-training, post-training and 6 mo follow up |
|
From baseline time point to 6 months.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) | Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shay-Lee Bolton | University of Manitoba | 204-787-5082 | sbolton@hsc.mb.ca |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013405 | Suicide |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016728 | Self-Injurious Behavior |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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|
| Resilience Retreat | Behavioral | The Resilience Retreat is a 2-day, 14 hour session |
|
Measures the level of ability that the individual believes they have in helping a suicidal person based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all skilled) to 4 (very skilled). |
| pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up |
| Self-perceived Knowledge About Suicide | Measures the level of knowledge about suicide that the individual believes they have based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all knowledgeable) to 4 (very knowledgeable). | pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up |
| Self-perceived Preparedness | Measures the level of preparedness of the individual to help someone who is suicidal based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all prepared) to 4 (very prepared). | pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up |
| Self-reported Distress | Measures the level of distress in the participant using the K6 distress scale. The scale is comprised of six questions which are scored from 0 (none of the time) to 4 (all of the time). The sum of the scores from all six questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (not at all distressed) to 24 (very distressed). | pre-training and 6 month follow-up |
| Self-reported Alcohol Use | Details participants' level of alcohol consumption and if it may be harmful according to the AUDIT. The AUDIT scale is comprised of ten questions with most questions being scored from 0 (never) to 4 (4 or more times per week). The sum of the scores from all ten questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (no risk related to alcohol) to 40 (high risk related to alcohol). Total scores of 8 or more are recommended as indicators of hazardous and harmful alcohol use, as well as possible alcohol dependence. | pre-training and 6 month follow-up |
| Self-reported Resiliency Score | Assesses resiliency in the participant according to the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, 10-item. The CD-RISC 10 is comprised of ten questions scored from 0 (Not at all true) to 4 (True nearly all of the time). The sum of the scores from all ten questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (low resiliency) to 40 (highly resilient). | pre-training and 6 month follow-up |
| Lifetime Suicidal Ideation at Baseline | Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in their lifetime as measured at baseline | July 19-20, 2010 |
| Lifetime Suicide Attempt at Baseline | Number of people who endorsed having made a suicide attempt in their lifetime as measured at baseline | July 19-20, 2010 |
| Suicidal Ideation in Past 2 Days at Baseline | Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in the past 2 days as measured at baseline (not at all vs a little to a lot) | July 19-20, 2010 |
| Number of People With Suicidal Ideation in Past 2 Days Immediately Post Training | Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in the past 2 days as measured immediately post training (not at all vs a little to a lot) | July 22-23, 2010 |
| Suicidal Ideation Since Training at 6 mo Follow-up | Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide since the training as measured at 6 month follow-up (not at all vs a little to a lot) | January 28-31, 2011 |
| Attempted Suicide Since Training at 6 mo Follow-up | Number of people who endorsed having made a suicide attempt since the training as measured at 6 month follow-up | January 28-31, 2011 |
| Gatekeeper Behaviors - Asked Person at Risk About Suicidal Thoughts | Number of participants who have asked someone that they thought was at risk about suicidal thoughts since the training, measured at 6 month follow-up assessment. | January 28-31, 2011 |
| Gatekeeper Behaviours - Did Not Ask Person at Risk | Number of participants who did not ask someone about their suicidal thoughts even though they thought they were at risk, measured at 6 month follow-up assessment based on time since training. | January 28-31, 2011 |
| NOT COMPLETED |
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| BG001 | Resilience Retreat | The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| participants |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Marital status | Number | participants |
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| Educational attainment | Level of educational attainment of the participant | Number | participants |
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| Language spoken most often | Number | participants |
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| Current work status | Number | participants |
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| Know someone who died by suicide | Number | participants |
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| When most recent suicide death | measured only among those who had reported knowing someone who died by suicide | Number | participants |
|
| OG001 | Resilience Retreat | The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants. |
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| Secondary | Self-perceived Confidence in Helping a Suicidal Individual | Meaures the level of confidence that the individual believes they have in helping a suicidal person based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all confident) to 4 (very confident). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale | pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up |
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| Secondary | Self-perceived Skill in Helping a Suicidal Individual | Measures the level of ability that the individual believes they have in helping a suicidal person based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all skilled) to 4 (very skilled). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale | pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up |
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| Secondary | Self-perceived Knowledge About Suicide | Measures the level of knowledge about suicide that the individual believes they have based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all knowledgeable) to 4 (very knowledgeable). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Scores on a scale | pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up |
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| Secondary | Self-perceived Preparedness | Measures the level of preparedness of the individual to help someone who is suicidal based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all prepared) to 4 (very prepared). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Scores on a scale | pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up |
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| Secondary | Self-reported Distress | Measures the level of distress in the participant using the K6 distress scale. The scale is comprised of six questions which are scored from 0 (none of the time) to 4 (all of the time). The sum of the scores from all six questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (not at all distressed) to 24 (very distressed). | The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the baseline and 6 month follow up time point questionnaires. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Scores on a scale | pre-training and 6 month follow-up |
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|
| Secondary | Self-reported Alcohol Use | Details participants' level of alcohol consumption and if it may be harmful according to the AUDIT. The AUDIT scale is comprised of ten questions with most questions being scored from 0 (never) to 4 (4 or more times per week). The sum of the scores from all ten questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (no risk related to alcohol) to 40 (high risk related to alcohol). Total scores of 8 or more are recommended as indicators of hazardous and harmful alcohol use, as well as possible alcohol dependence. | The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the baseline and 6 month follow up time point questionnaires. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Scores on a scale | pre-training and 6 month follow-up |
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| Secondary | Self-reported Resiliency Score | Assesses resiliency in the participant according to the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, 10-item. The CD-RISC 10 is comprised of ten questions scored from 0 (Not at all true) to 4 (True nearly all of the time). The sum of the scores from all ten questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (low resiliency) to 40 (highly resilient). | The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the baseline and 6 month follow up time point questionnaires. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Scores on scale | pre-training and 6 month follow-up |
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| Secondary | Lifetime Suicidal Ideation at Baseline | Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in their lifetime as measured at baseline | Posted | Number | participants | July 19-20, 2010 |
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| Secondary | Lifetime Suicide Attempt at Baseline | Number of people who endorsed having made a suicide attempt in their lifetime as measured at baseline | Posted | Number | participants | July 19-20, 2010 |
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| Secondary | Suicidal Ideation in Past 2 Days at Baseline | Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in the past 2 days as measured at baseline (not at all vs a little to a lot) | Posted | Number | participants | July 19-20, 2010 |
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| Secondary | Number of People With Suicidal Ideation in Past 2 Days Immediately Post Training | Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in the past 2 days as measured immediately post training (not at all vs a little to a lot) | The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the post-training questionnaire. | Posted | Number | participants | July 22-23, 2010 |
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| Secondary | Suicidal Ideation Since Training at 6 mo Follow-up | Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide since the training as measured at 6 month follow-up (not at all vs a little to a lot) | The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the 6 month follow up time point questionnaire. | Posted | Number | participants | January 28-31, 2011 |
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| Secondary | Attempted Suicide Since Training at 6 mo Follow-up | Number of people who endorsed having made a suicide attempt since the training as measured at 6 month follow-up | The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the 6 month follow up time point questionnaire. | Posted | Number | participants | January 28-31, 2011 |
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| Secondary | Gatekeeper Behaviors - Asked Person at Risk About Suicidal Thoughts | Number of participants who have asked someone that they thought was at risk about suicidal thoughts since the training, measured at 6 month follow-up assessment. | The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the baseline and 6 month follow up time point questionnaires. | Posted | Number | participants | January 28-31, 2011 |
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| Secondary | Gatekeeper Behaviours - Did Not Ask Person at Risk | Number of participants who did not ask someone about their suicidal thoughts even though they thought they were at risk, measured at 6 month follow-up assessment based on time since training. | The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the baseline and 6 month follow up time point questionnaires. | Posted | Number | participants | January 28-31, 2011 |
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| 0 |
| 31 |
| 0 |
| 31 |
| EG001 | Resilience Retreat | The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants. | 0 | 24 | 0 | 24 |
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| 6 month follow-up |
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| 6 month follow-up |
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| 6 month follow-up |
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| 6 month follow-up |
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