RATIONALE: Surgical resection and adjuvant therapy has become the main treatment for resectable local recurrent rectal cancer. However the efficacy and safety of adjuvant therapy is still unknown.

PURPOSE: This randomized multicenter clinical trial is studying surgical resection followed by chemo radiotherapy or neoadjuvant chemo radiotherapy followed by surgery and postoperative chemotherapy, comparing them to see the efficacy and safety, then to investigate the effect of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for resectable local recurrent rectal cancer.

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

- Compare the 5-year survival rate in patients with resectable local recurrent rectal cancer treated with either surgical resection or neoadjuvant.

Secondary

• Compare the side effect of chemo radiotherapy according to the Common Toxicity Criteria(CTC) version 2.0 in patients treated with these regimens.
• Compare the postoperative complications in patients treated with these regimens.
• Compare the recurrent rate in patients treated with these regimens.
• Compare the distant metastatic rate in patients treated with these regimens.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Patients are stratified according to participating center, gender, age. Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

• Arm I: Patients receive surgical resection and undergo FOLFIRI for 12 cycles, from 2-4 weeks after operation. Patients undergo radiotherapy once daily 5 days a week for 5-6 weeks, from 8-12 weeks after operation.
• Arm II: Patients receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (mFOLFIRI for 5 cycles and undergo radiotherapy as in arm I from the second cycle of FOLFIRI), surgery and FOLFORI for 7 cycles from 2-4 weeks after operation.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 3 months for 2 years, and then every 6 months for at least 3 years.

The side effect of chemo radiotherapy, postoperative complications, recurrent rate, distant metastatic rate and 5-year survival rate will be investigated.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 360 patients will be accrued for this study within 5 year.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of Adenocarcinoma of the rectum

2. Age:18-80 years old

3. Received curative resection when diagnosed as rectal cancer

4. Local recurrence happened >6 months after operation,without distant metastasis

5. Local recurrent mass is resectable confirmed by surgeon and radiologist 6.15 days prior recruit, meet the following criteria:

   • Hematopoietic
   • Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,500/mm^3
   • Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm^3
   • Hepatic
   • Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
   • Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2 times ULN
   • AST ≤ 2.5 times ULN
   • ALT ≤ 2.5 times ULN
   • No hepatic disease that would preclude study treatment or follow-up
   • No uncontrolled coagulopathy
   • Renal
   • Creatinine clearance > 50 mL/min
   • No renal disease that would preclude study treatment or follow-up

7.ECOG status: 0～1

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Other rectal cancers (i.e.sarcoma,lymphoma,carcinoid,squamous cell carcinoma,or cloacogenic carcinoma)
2. Synchronous colon cancer
3. Hypersensitivity to fluorouracil
4. No More than 4 weeks since prior participation in any investigational drug study
5. Clear indication of involvement of the pelvic side walls by imaging With distant metastasis
6. History of invasive rectal malignancy, regardless of disease-free interval Fertile patients must use effective contraception
7. Uncontrolled hypertension
8. Cardiovascular disease that would preclude study treatment or follow-up
9. Lack of upper gastrointestinal tract integrity or malabsorption syndrome，active upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding
10. Pregnant or nursing, Fertile patients do not use effective contraception
11. Other malignancy within the past 5 years except effectively treated squamous cell or basal cell skin cancer, melanoma in situ, carcinoma in situ of the cervix, or carcinoma in situ of the colon or rectum
12. No psychiatric or addictive disorders, or other conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude study participation