The study aimed to compare the use of a transurethral laparoscope to the use of a traditional cystoscope for evaluation of the bladder and ureters at the time of laparoscopic hysterectomy. The hypothesis was that visual inspection of the bladder and ureters can be done safely using a transurethral laparoscope, takes less time than traditional cystoscopy, and is more cost effective than traditional cystoscopy.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. any female patient scheduled for a laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSH) or total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) with or without adnexectomy for benign disease
2. able to comprehend and sign the informed consent form
3. able to provide clean-catch urine specimens
4. able to complete a urinary symptom questionnaire pre- and post-operatively

Exclusion Criteria:

1. participants in another research protocol involving an investigational product 30 days before planned randomization
2. pregnant women
3. patients undergoing concomitant incontinence or pelvic support procedures (e.g. transvaginal tape, transobturator tape, pelvic organ prolapse surgery)
4. patients known to have a history of recurrent urinary tract infections

Adverse event data was collected for the duration of the study January-July 2009, and up to 6 weeks after the surgical intervention for each subject.