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The correlation between the change of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or PSA velocity (PSAV) and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) has been poorly understood. Previous studies usually focused on the treatment efficacy or preventive role of alpha blockers (AB) for clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and AB therapy in real-life practice improved BPH/LUTS and reduced the risk of overall clinical progression. We hypothesized that the change of PSA and PSA velocity would be correlated to LUTS severity in the groups of BPH and prostate cancer.
Since successful treatment with alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists, or AB was reported first in 1975, the therapeutic efficacy has been widely accepted and now AB medication is considered the first-line choice worldwide among pharmacologic options for BPH-related LUTS.
Previous studies usually focused on the treatment efficacy or preventive role of AB for clinical progression of BPH and AB therapy in real-life practice improved BPH/LUTS and reduced the risk of overall clinical progression. However, the correlation between the change of serum PSA or PSAV and severity of LUTS has been poorly understood. Some studies showed follow-up data of PSA during the study period, and they failed to show a significant change of PSA in the group of AB. In contrast, some other studies demonstrated that the possibility of PSA change with the presence of LUTS and it is early to tell conclusively that there would be no relationship between PSA values and LUTS severity. Because a PSA value is considered an important factor to determine whether transrectal prostate biopsy should be performed, We hypothesized that the change of PSA and PSAV would be correlated to LUTS severity in the groups of BPH and prostate cancer.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| BPH | men aged more than 40 years who presented with BPH/LUTS and showed negative results of transrectal prostate biopsy before the period of AB medication |
| |
| prostate cancer | men aged more than 40 years who presented with BPH/LUTS and showed positive results of transrectal prostate biopsy before the period of AB medication |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSA measurement, uroflowmetry, IPSS, transrectal ultrasonography | Other |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| PSAV | PSAV values were calculated by a simple method: [(last PSA values - initial PSA values)/measurement period (month)] | calculated PSAV using baseline PSA value and PSA 6 month or 1 year after initial PSA measurement |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| international prostate symptoms symptom score (IPSS), maximal flow rate (Qmax) | IPSS scores, quality of life (QOL) scores of IPSS questionnaire (Question 8), and maximal flow rates (Qmax) | IPSS scores and Qmax values at the time of baseline PSA measurement and 6 month or 1 year after initial PSA measurement |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Men aged more than 40 years who presented with BPH/LUTS and performed transrectal prostate biopsy during the period of AB medication between January 2001 and December 2009.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Cheol Kwak, M.D.,Ph.D. | Seoul National University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seoul National University Hospital | Seoul | Seoul | 110-744 | South Korea |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011470 | Prostatic Hyperplasia |
| D011471 | Prostatic Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011469 | Prostatic Diseases |
| D005832 | Genital Diseases, Male |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D005834 | Genital Neoplasms, Male |
| D014565 | Urogenital Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017430 | Prostate-Specific Antigen |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007610 | Kallikreins |
| D012697 | Serine Endopeptidases |
| D010450 | Endopeptidases |
| D010447 | Peptide Hydrolases |
| D006867 | Hydrolases |
| D004798 | Enzymes |
| D045762 | Enzymes and Coenzymes |
| D057057 | Serine Proteases |
| D029584 | Prostatic Secretory Proteins |
| D029589 | Seminal Plasma Proteins |
| D000094664 | Seminal Proteins |
| D011506 | Proteins |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D000951 | Antigens, Neoplasm |
| D000941 | Antigens |
| D001685 | Biological Factors |
| D014408 | Biomarkers, Tumor |
| D015415 | Biomarkers |
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