The objective of this controlled, non-randomized, single-center pilot study (CoSeal arm prospective)study is to evaluate the efficacy of the synthetic surgical hydrogel CoSeal® in the prevention of cardiac adhesion formation in patients submitted to VAD procedures.

In the past decade the use of ventricular assist devices) (VADs) for bridging to heart transplantation (HTx) or, in some cases, to recovery of the ventricular function has increased and, during the same time, the duration of the implantation period has lengthened dramatically. When removing VADs after a long period, surgeons face severe pericardial adhesions at the mediastinum level and of the surrounding tissue due to the inflammatory response. During resternotomy, dissection of these adhesions increases surgical time and can be a source of lesions on the cardiac or vascular structures and of severe bleeding at the moment of transplantation or when the device is removed.

Many products have been used to prevent or reduce adhesions but an ideal antiadhesive treatment has remained elusive. CoSeal®, a licensed synthetic hydrogel (Baxter, USA) has been shown to reduce pericardial adhesions in a limited series of reoperations.

Inclusion criteria (CoSeal group):

1. Written informed consent obtained from the subject prior to participation in the study
2. At least 18 years of age
3. Subjects with indication for LVAD implantation, meeting the requirements for LVAD implantation. Patients for whom the investigator anticipates LVAD removal not earlier than 6 weeks after LVAD implantation.

Inclusion criteria (CoSeal control group):

1. Written informed consent obtained from the subject prior to participation in the study
2. At least 18 years of age
3. Subjects who had a LVAD for more than 6 weeks.

Exclusion criteria (CoSeal group):

1. Concomitant use of any other anti-adhesion product
2. Immune system disorders, immuno-deficiencies or immuno-suppression
3. Known hypersensitivity to components of the study product
4. Patients concurrently participating in another clinical trial for adhesion prevention or sealing evaluation and having received such an investigational drug or device within the previous 30 days
5. Patients who were previously subject to another LVAD implantation/explantation
6. Pregnant or breast-feeding women.

Exclusion criteria (Co Seal control group):

1. Known use of any other anti-adhesion product during VAD implantation
2. Immune system disorders, immuno-deficiencies or immuno-suppression
3. Patients concurrently participating in another clinical trial for adhesion prevention or sealing evaluation and having received such an investigational drug or device within the previous 30 days
4. Patients who were previously subject to another LVAD implantation/explantation
5. Pregnant or breast-feeding women.

Patients with end stage heart failure, awaiting heart transplantion, with need for VAD (ventricular assist device)