This an an open-label study to define the safety profile and the maximum tolerated dose and confirm the clinical effective dose of palifosfamide-tris given intravenously in combination with etoposide and carboplatin in a wide range of cancers which etoposide and carboplatin are normally given. Once the maximum dose of palifosfamide-tris is determined,a Phase II study using the 3 agents combined will begin.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 years old or greater
• Malignancy scheduled to receive etoposide and carboplatin therapy
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance of 0 or 1
• Adequate bone marrow, liver, renal function and coagulation status
• Informed consent
• Agree to use birth control through 28 days of last treatment dose
• Pregnancy test for women of child-bearing potential
• No available standard therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Allergy to the the study treatment drugs
• Unstable current medical condition
• Presence or history of injury to the urinary tract
• Active infection
• Major surgery within 4 weeks prior to treatment
• Minor surgery within 2 weeks prior to treatment
• Current acute steroid therapy or taper
• Currently pregnant or nursing
• Substance abuse or condition that may interfere with participation
• Received other investigational drugs within 30 days
• Within 4 weeks of their last chemotherapy