The current study was designed to determine the exposure of adult smokers and non-smokers to cigarette smoke constituents through evaluation of selected biomarkers of exposure.

The purpose of the study was to provide a greater knowledge about human exposure to cigarette smoke constituents by evaluating selected biomarkers of exposure in smokers and non-smokers. This was an observational, parallel-group study to be conducted at multiple centres in the UK, Germany, and Switzerland. It was planned to enrol sufficient subjects such that at least 1440 subjects complete the study.

Inclusion Criteria:

Smokers: Subjects who smoked commercial cigarettes exclusively (less than or equal to 10 mg ISO tar yield in Germany and the UK; less than or equal to 12 mg ISO tar yield in Switzerland) with a regular consumption of at least 1 cigarette per day over the last 12 months without change in brand over the previous 3 months.

or

Non-smokers: Subjects who did not smoke commercial cigarettes, hand-rolled cigarettes, cigars, pipes, bidis, and did not use other nicotine-containing products (patch, gum, lozenges etc.) within 1 year prior to Visit 1 and throughout the study duration.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Female subjects with child-bearing potential were to be excluded if

  1. Subject was pregnant (or did not have negative pregnancy tests) or breast-feeding
  2. Subject did not agree to use an acceptable method of contraception

Male or female 21 years of age or older with a stable health status as determined by the Investigator and who were able to understand the subject information and to comply with the study procedures and study schedule.