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This research study explores whether a beta-blocker (propranolol) can prevent a person from becoming more sensitive to pain after administration of an opioid (remifentanil). Beta blockers inhibit the sympathetic (fight or flight) response and are often used to treat angina and high blood pressure. In a previous study in human volunteers, the investigators demonstrated an increased sensitivity to pain after a 60-minute infusion of the opioid remifentanil. The goal of this study is to identify a possible inhibitor of this phenomenon.
Recent evidence suggests that opioid therapy may cause a biphasic response, i.e. initial pain relief followed paradoxically by a longer lasting hypersensitivity to pain. Recent genetic analysis in mice suggests that beta adrenergic receptor antagonists reduce opiate-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). The purpose of this study is to determine the analgesic and antihyperalgesic properties of the beta-blocker propranolol on remifentanil-induced hypersensitivity in humans.
The investigators want to determine the analgesic and antihyperalgesic properties of the beta-blocker propranolol on remifentanil-induced hypersensitivity in humans. The investigators hope to learn whether the administration of beta-blocker propranolol will significantly diminish the hyperalgesic response after administration of an opioid.
The primary outcome measure for this study is change in size (area) of secondary hyperalgesia after cessation of remifentanil infusion, a measure of OIH.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Propranolol, Then Placebo | Active Comparator | Propranolol, a beta blocker, or placebo to match, will be given to test whether or not it could modulate the expression of remifentanil-induced postinfusion hyperalgesia (RPH) during two pain test including: mechanically evoked pain to map the size of the hyperalgesic skin region caused by electrical stimulation and heat pain. |
|
| Placebo, Then Propranolol | Placebo Comparator | Propranolol, a beta blocker, or placebo to match, will be given to test whether or not it could modulate the expression of remifentanil-induced postinfusion hyperalgesia (RPH) during two pain test including: mechanically evoked pain to map the size of the hyperalgesic skin region caused by electrical stimulation and heat pain. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Propranolol | Drug | Propranolol administered intravenously, initially set to target plasma concentration of 5 ng/mL, titrated upward in 5 ng/mL intervals until a final concentration of 15 ng/mL is achieved. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Percent Change From Baseline in Size (Area) of Secondary Hyperalgesia After Cessation of Remifentanil Infusion, a Measure of Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia (OIH). | A slightly modified version of a previously described model of secondary hyperalgesia was used. Two copper wires contained in a microdialysis catheter were inserted in parallel over a length of 5 mm into the dermis of the right volar forearm. The wires were connected to a constant current stimulator controlled by a pulse generator to deliver rectangular and monophasic pulses with a duration of 0.5 mg at 2 Hz. Over a period of 15 min, the current was increased by targeting a pain rating of 5 on an 11-point numeric rating scale (0 = no pain and 10 = maximum tolerable pain) until the hyperalgesic area surrounding the stimulation site was fully established. Once the area was established, the current was held constant. Percent change from baseline in size (area) of secondary hyperalgesia after cessation of remifentanil infusion was calculated per group. | Baseline; 15 min post remifentanil (REM) infusion; 60 min post REM infusion |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (OOWS) | OOWS: Is a 13-item instrument of documenting physically observable signs of withdrawal, which are rated as present (1) or absent (0) during the observation period. Maximum score = 13, minimum score = 0. Lower scores correspond to fewer symptoms. | Pretreatment [90 min prior to 60-min REM infusion]; 30 min prior to 60-min REM infusion; 15 and 40 min after start of 60-min REM infusion; 5, 15, and 75 minutes after finish of 60-min REM infusion) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Dr Larry Fu-nien Chu | Stanford University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stanford University School of Medicine | Stanford | California | 94305 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10490157 | Background | Chia YY, Liu K, Wang JJ, Kuo MC, Ho ST. Intraoperative high dose fentanyl induces postoperative fentanyl tolerance. Can J Anaesth. 1999 Sep;46(9):872-7. doi: 10.1007/BF03012978. | |
| 10910490 | Background | Guignard B, Bossard AE, Coste C, Sessler DI, Lebrault C, Alfonsi P, Fletcher D, Chauvin M. Acute opioid tolerance: intraoperative remifentanil increases postoperative pain and morphine requirement. Anesthesiology. 2000 Aug;93(2):409-17. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200008000-00019. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Propranolol, Then Placebo | Half of the participants received propranolol at the first study session and the saline placebo at the second session. The treatment infusions were administered continuously before, during, and after remifentanil infusion. |
| FG001 | Placebo, Then Propranolol | Half of the participants received saline placebo at the first study session and propranolol at the second session. The treatment infusions were administered continuously before, during, and after remifentanil infusion. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | All Study Participants | Half of the participants received propranolol at the first study session and the saline placebo at the second session. The treatment infusions were administered continuously before, during, and after remifentanil infusion. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Percent Change From Baseline in Size (Area) of Secondary Hyperalgesia After Cessation of Remifentanil Infusion, a Measure of Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia (OIH). | A slightly modified version of a previously described model of secondary hyperalgesia was used. Two copper wires contained in a microdialysis catheter were inserted in parallel over a length of 5 mm into the dermis of the right volar forearm. The wires were connected to a constant current stimulator controlled by a pulse generator to deliver rectangular and monophasic pulses with a duration of 0.5 mg at 2 Hz. Over a period of 15 min, the current was increased by targeting a pain rating of 5 on an 11-point numeric rating scale (0 = no pain and 10 = maximum tolerable pain) until the hyperalgesic area surrounding the stimulation site was fully established. Once the area was established, the current was held constant. Percent change from baseline in size (area) of secondary hyperalgesia after cessation of remifentanil infusion was calculated per group. | Posted | Number | percentage of change | Baseline; 15 min post remifentanil (REM) infusion; 60 min post REM infusion |
|
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Propranolol | Half of the participants received propranolol at the first study session and the saline placebo at the second session. The treatment infusions were administered continuously before, during, and after remifentanil infusion. |
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Local anesthetic properties of propranolol; electrical burn pain model not useful for fully reproducing clinical sources of pain.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Larry Chu | Stanford University School of Medicine | (650) 723-6632 | lchu@stanford.edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006930 | Hyperalgesia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020886 | Somatosensory Disorders |
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011433 | Propranolol |
| D000077208 | Remifentanil |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050198 | Phenoxypropanolamines |
| D011412 | Propanolamines |
| D000605 | Amino Alcohols |
| D000438 | Alcohols |
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|
| Placebo to Match Propranolol | Drug |
|
| Remifentanil | Drug | Remifentanil administered intravenously at a plasma concentration of 3 ng/mL. |
|
| 9539228 | Background | Larcher A, Laulin JP, Celerier E, Le Moal M, Simonnet G. Acute tolerance associated with a single opiate administration: involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate-dependent pain facilitatory systems. Neuroscience. 1998 May;84(2):583-9. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00556-3. |
| 9749743 | Background | Laulin JP, Larcher A, Celerier E, Le Moal M, Simonnet G. Long-lasting increased pain sensitivity in rat following exposure to heroin for the first time. Eur J Neurosci. 1998 Feb;10(2):782-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00083.x. |
| 11973202 | Background | Laulin JP, Maurette P, Corcuff JB, Rivat C, Chauvin M, Simonnet G. The role of ketamine in preventing fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia and subsequent acute morphine tolerance. Anesth Analg. 2002 May;94(5):1263-9, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200205000-00040. |
| 11429366 | Background | Li X, Angst MS, Clark JD. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and incisional pain. Anesth Analg. 2001 Jul;93(1):204-9. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200107000-00040. |
| 11356895 | Background | Celerier E, Laulin JP, Corcuff JB, Le Moal M, Simonnet G. Progressive enhancement of delayed hyperalgesia induced by repeated heroin administration: a sensitization process. J Neurosci. 2001 Jun 1;21(11):4074-80. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-11-04074.2001. |
| 11027904 | Background | Compton P, Charuvastra VC, Kintaudi K, Ling W. Pain responses in methadone-maintained opioid abusers. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2000 Oct;20(4):237-45. doi: 10.1016/s0885-3924(00)00191-3. |
| 16645459 | Background | Liang DY, Liao G, Wang J, Usuka J, Guo Y, Peltz G, Clark JD. A genetic analysis of opioid-induced hyperalgesia in mice. Anesthesiology. 2006 May;104(5):1054-62. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200605000-00023. |
| 17065897 | Background | Troster A, Sittl R, Singler B, Schmelz M, Schuttler J, Koppert W. Modulation of remifentanil-induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by parecoxib in humans. Anesthesiology. 2006 Nov;105(5):1016-23. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200611000-00024. |
| 2248388 | Background | Shafer SL, Varvel JR, Aziz N, Scott JC. Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl administered by computer-controlled infusion pump. Anesthesiology. 1990 Dec;73(6):1091-102. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199012000-00005. |
| 9778004 | Background | Drover DR, Lemmens HJ. Population pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of remifentanil as a supplement to nitrous oxide anesthesia for elective abdominal surgery. Anesthesiology. 1998 Oct;89(4):869-77. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199810000-00011. |
| 10686178 | Background | Schmelz M, Schmid R, Handwerker HO, Torebjork HE. Encoding of burning pain from capsaicin-treated human skin in two categories of unmyelinated nerve fibres. Brain. 2000 Mar;123 Pt 3:560-71. doi: 10.1093/brain/123.3.560. |
| 11506112 | Background | Koppert W, Dern SK, Sittl R, Albrecht S, Schuttler J, Schmelz M. A new model of electrically evoked pain and hyperalgesia in human skin: the effects of intravenous alfentanil, S(+)-ketamine, and lidocaine. Anesthesiology. 2001 Aug;95(2):395-402. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200108000-00022. |
| 15197245 | Background | Avram MJ, Krejcie TC, Henthorn TK, Niemann CU. Beta-adrenergic blockade affects initial drug distribution due to decreased cardiac output and altered blood flow distribution. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Nov;311(2):617-24. doi: 10.1124/jpet.104.070094. Epub 2004 Jun 14. |
| 22365565 | Result | Chu LF, Cun T, Ngai LK, Kim JE, Zamora AK, Young CA, Angst MS, Clark DJ. Modulation of remifentanil-induced postinfusion hyperalgesia by the beta-blocker propranolol in humans. Pain. 2012 May;153(5):974-981. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.01.014. Epub 2012 Feb 22. |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Weight | Mean | Full Range | kilograms |
|
| Height | Mean | Full Range | centimeters |
|
| OG000 | Propranolol | Half of the participants received propranolol at the first study session and the saline placebo at the second session. The treatment infusions were administered continuously before, during, and after remifentanil infusion. |
| OG001 | Placebo | Half of the participants received propranolol at the first study session and the saline placebo at the second session. The treatment infusions were administered continuously before, during, and after remifentanil infusion. |
|
|
| Secondary | Objective Opioid Withdrawal Scale (OOWS) | OOWS: Is a 13-item instrument of documenting physically observable signs of withdrawal, which are rated as present (1) or absent (0) during the observation period. Maximum score = 13, minimum score = 0. Lower scores correspond to fewer symptoms. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Pretreatment [90 min prior to 60-min REM infusion]; 30 min prior to 60-min REM infusion; 15 and 40 min after start of 60-min REM infusion; 5, 15, and 75 minutes after finish of 60-min REM infusion) |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 10 |
| 0 |
| 10 |
| EG001 | Placebo | Half of the participants received propranolol at the first study session and the saline placebo at the second session. The treatment infusions were administered continuously before, during, and after remifentanil infusion. | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
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| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009930 |
| Organic Chemicals |
| D020005 | Propanols |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D009281 | Naphthalenes |
| D011084 | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| D006841 | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D011422 | Propionates |
| D000144 | Acids, Acyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D010880 | Piperidines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| 15 min after start of REM infusion |
|
| 40 min after start of REM infusion |
|
| 5 minutes after finish of REM infusion |
|
| 15 minutes after finish of REM infusion |
|
| 75 minutes after finish of REM infusion |
|