The study compares procedural and post procedural outcomes for photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement causing bladder outlet obstruction. The study requires use of the CE marked GreenLight XPS™ Laser System (GreenLight XPS) or a CE marked monopolar or bipolar loop TURP system for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

The study will compare procedural and post procedural outcomes for photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement causing bladder outlet obstruction. The study requires use of the CE marked GreenLight XPS™ Laser System (GreenLight XPS) or a CE marked monopolar or bipolar loop TURP system for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The purpose of the study is to demonstrate that PVP is not inferior to TURP.

Inclusion criteria:

• Subject has provided informed consent and agrees to attend all study visits
• Subject has diagnosis of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement causing bladder outlet obstruction
• Subject is willing to be randomized
• Subject is able to complete self-administered questionnaires
• Clinical investigator has documented in the subject's medical record that in his/her judgment the subject is a surgical candidate for either the PVP or the TURP procedure and may be randomized into either arm
• Subject is 40 to 80 years of age
• Subject has an IPSS score greater than or equal to 12 measured at the baseline visit
• Subject has medical record documentation of a maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) less than 15ml/s (If uroflow testing documentation is available within 90 days prior to the informed consent date, and the sample is greater than or equal to 150ml, and the Qmax is less than 15ml/s it may be used for the inclusion/exclusion criteria)
• Subject has medical record documentation of a prostate volume of less than or equal to 100g by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) (If TRUS testing documentation is available from less than 180 days prior to the informed consent date and the prostate volume is less than or equal to 100g, it may be used for the inclusion/exclusion criteria)
• Subject is classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I, II or III
• Subject has a serum creatinine that is within the normal range for the laboratory at the study center (or documentation of clinical insignificance in the subject's medical record by the investigator if outside the normal range) and measured less than or equal to 30 days prior to the date of surgery.

Exclusion criteria:

• Subject has a life expectancy of less than 2 years
• Subject is currently enrolled in, or plans to enroll in, any concurrent drug or device study unless preapproved by the sponsor
• Subject has an active infection (eg, urinary tract infection or prostatitis)
• Subject has a diagnosis of, or has received treatment for, chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome (eg, non-bacterial chronic prostatitis)
• Subject has been diagnosed with a urethral stricture or bladder neck contracture within the 180 days prior to the informed consent date
• Subject has been diagnosed with 2 or more urethral strictures and/or bladder neck contractures within the 5 years prior to the informed consent date
• Subject has a diagnosis of lichen sclerosus
• Subject has a neurogenic bladder or other neurological disorder that would impact bladder function (eg, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injuries)
• Subject has a diagnosis of polyneuropathy (eg, diabetic)
• Subject has history of lower urinary tract surgery (eg, TURP, laser, urinary diversion, artificial urinary sphincter, penile prosthesis)
• Subject has diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence that requires treatment or daily pad/device use
• Subject has a history of intermittent self catheterization
• Subject has been catheterized or has a PVR >400mls in the 14 days prior to the surgical procedure
• Subject has current diagnosis of bladder stones
• Subject has diagnosis of prostate cancer
• Subject has a history of CIS, TaGII, TaGIII or any T1 stage bladder cancer
• Subject has damage to external urinary sphincter
• Subject has a medical contraindication for undergoing either TURP or PVP surgery (eg, infection, coagulopathy or significant cardiac or other medical risk factors for surgery)
• Subject has a disorder of the coagulation cascade (eg, hemophilia) or disorders that affect platelet count or function (eg, Von Willebrand's disease) that would put the subject at risk for intraoperative or postoperative bleeding
• Subject is unable to discontinue anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy preoperatively (3-5 days) except for low dose aspirin (eg, less than or equal to 100mg)
• Subject has had an acute myocardial infarction, open heart surgery or cardiac arrest less than 180 days prior to the date of informed consent
• Subject is immunocompromised (eg, organ transplant, leukemia)