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Cardiac syndrome X consists of a triad of chest pain, abnormal exercise stress testing and normal coronary angiogram, and is hypothesized to be related to endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is also reported to be linked to obstructive sleep apnea. While chest pain can be one of potential presenting symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea, the investigators hypothesize that obstructive sleep apnea is common in subjects with cardiac syndrome X.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| cardiac syndrome X | subjects fulfilling the clinical triad of cardiac syndrome X |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no intervention is involved in this study | Other | no intervention is involved in this study |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| apnea hypopnea index | assess apnea hypopnea index by overnight polysomnography, by a single admission to sleep laboratory | measure at a single time point when the subjects are admitted for overnight polysomnography |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| endothelial function | assess endothelial function by EndoPAT 2000 (an non-invasive device) and peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells | measured at a single time point when the subjects are admitted for overnight polysomnography |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Subjects with chest pain, positive exercise treadmill test and normal coronary angiogram
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Macy MS Lui | Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong | Hong Kong | 852 | Hong Kong |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14551167 | Background | Ip MS, Tse HF, Lam B, Tsang KW, Lam WK. Endothelial function in obstructive sleep apnea and response to treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Feb 1;169(3):348-53. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200306-767OC. Epub 2003 Oct 9. | |
| 8133662 | Background | Loui WS, Blackshear JL, Fredrickson PA, Kaplan J. Obstructive sleep apnea manifesting as suspected angina: report of three cases. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994 Mar;69(3):244-8. doi: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61063-5. |
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| 8235241 | Background | Philip P, Guilleminault C. ST segment abnormality, angina during sleep and obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep. 1993 Sep;16(6):558-9. doi: 10.1093/sleep/16.6.558. No abstract available. |
| 2009755 | Background | Chan HS, Chiu HF, Tse LK, Woo KS. Obstructive sleep apnea presenting with nocturnal angina, heart failure, and near-miss sudden death. Chest. 1991 Apr;99(4):1023-5. doi: 10.1378/chest.99.4.1023. |
| 18156008 | Background | Melikian N, De Bruyne B, Fearon WF, MacCarthy PA. The pathophysiology and clinical course of the normal coronary angina syndrome (cardiac syndrome X). Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2008 Jan-Feb;50(4):294-310. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2007.01.003. No abstract available. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020181 | Sleep Apnea, Obstructive |
| D017566 | Microvascular Angina |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012891 | Sleep Apnea Syndromes |
| D001049 | Apnea |
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D000787 | Angina Pectoris |
| D017202 | Myocardial Ischemia |
| D006331 | Heart Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
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