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The intrauterine device (IUD) is a form of birth control that is extremely effective and safe, even in women who have not yet had children. Women can experience high levels of pain when the IUD is placed inside the uterus, and fear of this pain could be a reason that women decide not to use this method.
This study will randomly (like flipping a coin) assign women who have chosen the IUD as their contraceptive into two groups. One group will have lidocaine anesthetic gel placed into their cervix prior to having the IUD inserted; the other will have an inert gel placed into their cervix instead. The level of pain at three different time points on a 10cm scale and the patient's satisfaction with the procedure will be compared between the two groups to see if using lidocaine gel helps decrease IUD insertional pain
The intrauterine device (IUD) is a highly effective, long-acting, reversible method of contraception used by approximately 8% of women in the developed world. In the United States, historically candidates for IUDs were monogamous, parous women. Recent research has shown that both copper and levonorgestrel IUD use is safe and effective in nulliparous women. Nulliparous and parous women can experience significant amounts of pain during IUD insertion. Concerns about insertional pain could be a barrier to IUD initiation women and their healthcare providers.
This study will recruit women at either the Family Planning Clinic or the offices of Columbia University Family Planning Practice who desire the copper or levonorgestrel IUD for birth control. Women who consent to participating in the study will be randomized to two groups: one group will receive 2% lidocaine gel placed in the cervix prior to IUD placement and the other group will receive a placebo inert gel. The primary objective of this study is to compare the pain scores on a 10cm visual analogue scale in the two groups after tenaculum placement (placing an instrument on the cervix to stabilize it), uterine sounding (measuring of the uterus) and at speculum removal; these are standard procedures during IUD insertion. Secondary outcomes include provider assessment of the patient's pain, patient's level of satisfaction with the insertion, and whether any adverse events such as nausea/vomiting, fainting, or IUD insertion failure occurred.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| lidocaine gel | Experimental | This group will be those randomized to receiving the intervention with 2% lidocaine gel. |
|
| placebo gel (surgilube) | Placebo Comparator | This group will be randomized to having the intervention with the placebo surgilube gel. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2% lidocaine gel | Drug | Participants, after informed consent, will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the inert gel group or the intervention group. In the intervention group, after tenaculum placement, a Q-tip soaked in approximately 1mL of 2% lidocaine gel will be placed in the cervix up to the level of the internal cervical os. The Q-tip will be held there for 1 minute and then be removed. We will repeat the same procedure in the control group with an inert gel similar in appearance, color and consistency to the lidocaine gel. Both the patient and the provider will be blinded to which gel was received. The research assistant will place the gel from its labeled tube into the unlabeled sterile tube in another room. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain During IUD Insertion at Various Time Points (See Description for Time Points) | Patient marked pain on a 100 mm visual analogue scale during the part of the IUD insertion procedure where the tenaculum was placed, the uterus was measured/sounded, the IUD was inserted into the uterus, and the speculum was removed. | During IUD insertion (see above description for which time points) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Adverse Events | During IUD insertion | |
| Provider's Assessment of Patient's Maximum Pain on a Visual Analogue Scale | This secondary analysis looked at provider perception of patient maximum pain during IUD insertion This was not done per intervention because we were looking at the accuracy of the provider's assesment of the patient's pain, which is not dependent on intervention. The provider was blinded to the intervention so that would not have influenced results. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anne Davis, MD | Columbia University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Planning Clinic / Columbia University Family Planning Practice | New York | New York | 10032 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22325115 | Derived | Maguire K, Davis A, Rosario Tejeda L, Westhoff C. Intracervical lidocaine gel for intrauterine device insertion: a randomized controlled trial. Contraception. 2012 Sep;86(3):214-9. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.01.005. Epub 2012 Feb 9. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Lidocaine Gel | This group will be those randomized to receiving the intervention with 2% lidocaine gel. 2% lidocaine gel: Participants, after informed consent, will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the inert gel group or the intervention group. In the intervention group, after tenaculum placement, a Q-tip soaked in approximately 1mL of 2% lidocaine gel will be placed in the cervix up to the level of the internal cervical os. The Q-tip will be held there for 1 minute and then be removed. We will repeat the same procedure in the control group with an inert gel similar in appearance, color and consistency to the lidocaine gel. Both the patient and the provider will be blinded to which gel was received. The research assistant will place the gel from its labeled tube into the unlabeled sterile tube in another room. |
| FG001 | Placebo Gel (Surgilube) | This group will be randomized to having the intervention with the placebo surgilube gel. 2% lidocaine gel: Participants, after informed consent, will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the inert gel group or the intervention group. In the intervention group, after tenaculum placement, a Q-tip soaked in approximately 1mL of 2% lidocaine gel will be placed in the cervix up to the level of the internal cervical os. The Q-tip will be held there for 1 minute and then be removed. We will repeat the same procedure in the control group with an inert gel similar in appearance, color and consistency to the lidocaine gel. Both the patient and the provider will be blinded to which gel was received. The research assistant will place the gel from its labeled tube into the unlabeled sterile tube in another room. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Lidocaine Gel | This group will be those randomized to receiving the intervention with 2% lidocaine gel. 2% lidocaine gel: Participants, after informed consent, will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the inert gel group or the intervention group. In the intervention group, after tenaculum placement, a Q-tip soaked in approximately 1mL of 2% lidocaine gel will be placed in the cervix up to the level of the internal cervical os. The Q-tip will be held there for 1 minute and then be removed. We will repeat the same procedure in the control group with an inert gel similar in appearance, color and consistency to the lidocaine gel. Both the patient and the provider will be blinded to which gel was received. The research assistant will place the gel from its labeled tube into the unlabeled sterile tube in another room. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Pain During IUD Insertion at Various Time Points (See Description for Time Points) | Patient marked pain on a 100 mm visual analogue scale during the part of the IUD insertion procedure where the tenaculum was placed, the uterus was measured/sounded, the IUD was inserted into the uterus, and the speculum was removed. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a 100 mm visual analogue scale | During IUD insertion (see above description for which time points) |
|
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Lidocaine Gel | This group will be those randomized to receiving the intervention with 2% lidocaine gel. 2% lidocaine gel: Participants, after informed consent, will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the inert gel group or the intervention group. In the intervention group, after tenaculum placement, a Q-tip soaked in approximately 1mL of 2% lidocaine gel will be placed in the cervix up to the level of the internal cervical os. The Q-tip will be held there for 1 minute and then be removed. We will repeat the same procedure in the control group with an inert gel similar in appearance, color and consistency to the lidocaine gel. Both the patient and the provider will be blinded to which gel was received. The research assistant will place the gel from its labeled tube into the unlabeled sterile tube in another room. |
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| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dizziness | Nervous system disorders | Systematic Assessment | patient was dizzy during the procedure |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anne Davis, MD | Columbia University | 212-305-4951 | ard4@cumc.columbia.edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C008371 | phenylmercury borate |
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| placebo | Other | Participants, after informed consent, will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the inert gel group or the intervention group. In the intervention group, after tenaculum placement, a Q-tip soaked in approximately 1mL of 2% lidocaine gel will be placed in the cervix up to the level of the internal cervical os. The Q-tip will be held there for 1 minute and then be removed. We will repeat the same procedure in the control/placebo group with an inert gel similar in appearance, color and consistency to the lidocaine gel. Both the patient and the provider will be blinded to which gel was received. The research assistant will place the gel from its labeled tube into the unlabeled sterile tube in another room. |
|
|
| during IUD insertion |
| BG001 | Placebo Gel (Surgilube) | This group will be randomized to having the intervention with the placebo surgilube gel. 2% lidocaine gel: Participants, after informed consent, will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the inert gel group or the intervention group. In the intervention group, after tenaculum placement, a Q-tip soaked in approximately 1mL of 2% lidocaine gel will be placed in the cervix up to the level of the internal cervical os. The Q-tip will be held there for 1 minute and then be removed. We will repeat the same procedure in the control group with an inert gel similar in appearance, color and consistency to the lidocaine gel. Both the patient and the provider will be blinded to which gel was received. The research assistant will place the gel from its labeled tube into the unlabeled sterile tube in another room. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Number | participants |
|
| Parity | Number | participants |
|
| Dysmenorrhea | The 100 mm visual analogue scale measures pain from 0-100. It is a straight line from "no pain" to "worst pain" and it goes from 0 pain on the left to the maximum pain on the right. A higher number reflects more pain. The place where the patient marks her pain is measured from the left and is read as "mm". | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a 100mm Visual Analogue Scale |
|
| Anticipated pain | The 100 mm visual analogue scale measures pain from 0-100. It is a straight line from "no pain" to "worst pain" and it goes from 0 pain on the left to the maximum pain on the right. A higher number reflects more pain. The place where the patient marks her pain is measured from the left and is read as "mm". | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a 100 mm visual analogue scale |
|
| IUD type | Number | participants |
|
| OG001 | Placebo Gel (Surgilube) | This group will be randomized to having the intervention with the placebo surgilube gel. 2% lidocaine gel: Participants, after informed consent, will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the inert gel group or the intervention group. In the intervention group, after tenaculum placement, a Q-tip soaked in approximately 1mL of 2% lidocaine gel will be placed in the cervix up to the level of the internal cervical os. The Q-tip will be held there for 1 minute and then be removed. We will repeat the same procedure in the control group with an inert gel similar in appearance, color and consistency to the lidocaine gel. Both the patient and the provider will be blinded to which gel was received. The research assistant will place the gel from its labeled tube into the unlabeled sterile tube in another room. |
|
|
| Secondary | Adverse Events | Posted | Number | participants | During IUD insertion |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Provider's Assessment of Patient's Maximum Pain on a Visual Analogue Scale | This secondary analysis looked at provider perception of patient maximum pain during IUD insertion This was not done per intervention because we were looking at the accuracy of the provider's assesment of the patient's pain, which is not dependent on intervention. The provider was blinded to the intervention so that would not have influenced results. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a 100 mm visual analogue scale | during IUD insertion |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 100 |
| 17 |
| 100 |
| EG001 | Placebo Gel (Surgilube) | This group will be randomized to having the intervention with the placebo surgilube gel. 2% lidocaine gel: Participants, after informed consent, will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the inert gel group or the intervention group. In the intervention group, after tenaculum placement, a Q-tip soaked in approximately 1mL of 2% lidocaine gel will be placed in the cervix up to the level of the internal cervical os. The Q-tip will be held there for 1 minute and then be removed. We will repeat the same procedure in the control group with an inert gel similar in appearance, color and consistency to the lidocaine gel. Both the patient and the provider will be blinded to which gel was received. The research assistant will place the gel from its labeled tube into the unlabeled sterile tube in another room. | 0 | 100 | 16 | 100 |
|
| nausea | Gastrointestinal disorders | Systematic Assessment | patients had some nausea during the procedure (IUD insertion) |
|
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| Dizziness |
|