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Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most common injuries in sports. There is a unique style of socks that have become popular in Japan among athletes that could also improve postural control. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of five-toed socks on dynamic postural control in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability.
Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most common injuries in sports. Ankle braces and orthotic insoles also have been shown to influence the neuromuscular control system by enhancing the proprioceptive and cutaneous afferent inputs to the central nerve system; thereby improving postural control. There is a unique style of socks that have become popular in Japan among athletes that could also improve postural control by enhancing cutaneous afferent inputs from the plantar surface of the foot and toes. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of five-toed socks on dynamic postural control in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Without Unilateral CAI | Active Comparator | Individuals with no history of chronic ankle instability (CAI) |
|
| With Unilateral CAI | Experimental | Individuals with a history of chronic ankle instability (CAI) that is affecting only one limb |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unilateral CAI | Device | five-toed socks usage |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Primary Outcome Measurement for This Study Was to Determine Differences in Center of Pressure (COP) and Static Postural Control Patterns in Individuals With and Without CAI During the Single Limb Balance Test. | Participants were recruited to complete three testing sessions, separated by approximately one week. The participants were tested while wearing five-toed socks. Static postural control was assessed on a force plate (model 4060NC; Bertec Corp. Inc., Columbus, OH) with the subject in a single-limb stance. Center of Pressure (COP) data were sampled at 50Hz. The subjects completed three 15-second trials with a one-minute rest between trials. Motion Monitor software (Innovative Sports Training, Inc., Chicago, IL) collected COP data during the single-limb stance test. The primary outcome was COP-Velocity (cm/sec). | 3 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reaching Distances | The secondary outcome measurement for this study will be to determine differences in the mean value of the three reaching distances (the anterior, posterior lateral, and posterior medial direction) of the SEBT in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability. The reaching distances (cm) from the three directions were averaged together and then normalized to the leg length of the stance leg (cm). The outcome variable, normalized maximum reaching distance (MAXD), was represented as a percentage value representing the distance as a % of leg length. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Phillip Gribble | University of Toledo | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Toledo | Toledo | Ohio | 43614 | United States |
Enrolled participants were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study, therefore no participants were excluded following participant enrollment, but prior to group assignment.
Dates of the recruitment period was from January 2009 to September 2010. Data was collected at Athletic Training Research Laboratory located in room 1406A Health Science and Human Service Building, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606. Subjects were approached in groups during classes at the University of Toledo.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | With Unilateral CAI | five-toed socks : five-toed socks usage |
| FG001 | Without Unilateral CAI | five-toed socks : five-toed socks usage |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | With Unilateral CAI | five-toed socks : five-toed socks usage |
| BG001 | Without Unilateral CAI | five-toed socks : five-toed socks usage |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | The Primary Outcome Measurement for This Study Was to Determine Differences in Center of Pressure (COP) and Static Postural Control Patterns in Individuals With and Without CAI During the Single Limb Balance Test. | Participants were recruited to complete three testing sessions, separated by approximately one week. The participants were tested while wearing five-toed socks. Static postural control was assessed on a force plate (model 4060NC; Bertec Corp. Inc., Columbus, OH) with the subject in a single-limb stance. Center of Pressure (COP) data were sampled at 50Hz. The subjects completed three 15-second trials with a one-minute rest between trials. Motion Monitor software (Innovative Sports Training, Inc., Chicago, IL) collected COP data during the single-limb stance test. The primary outcome was COP-Velocity (cm/sec). | In published data by the lab director in which the dependant variable was normalized reaching distance on the SEBT, CAI subjects experienced a significantly reduced anterior reaching direction on their injured side compared to the Control group. Based on these data, to achieve a power level of 0.80, fifteen subjects in each group will be needed. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | COP-Velocity (cm/sec) | 3 weeks |
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | With Unilateral CAI | five-toed socks : five-toed socks usage | 0 |
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The day-to-day diurnal effect has been recognized as an important factor to consider when measuring postural control. We, however, did not consider day-to-day influences in postural control. This may have influenced the data we have collected.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phillip Gribble | University of Toledo Health Science Campus | (419) 530-2691 | pgribbl@UTNet.UToledo.Edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016512 | Ankle Injuries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007869 | Leg Injuries |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| 3 weeks |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| OG000 | With Unilateral CAI | Participants with unilateral CAI while wearing five-toed socks |
| OG001 | Without Unilateral CAI | Participants without unilateral CAI while wearing five-toed socks |
|
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| Secondary | Reaching Distances | The secondary outcome measurement for this study will be to determine differences in the mean value of the three reaching distances (the anterior, posterior lateral, and posterior medial direction) of the SEBT in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability. The reaching distances (cm) from the three directions were averaged together and then normalized to the leg length of the stance leg (cm). The outcome variable, normalized maximum reaching distance (MAXD), was represented as a percentage value representing the distance as a % of leg length. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | MAXD (% of leg length) | 3 weeks |
|
|
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| 23 |
| 0 |
| 23 |
| 0 |
| 23 |
| EG001 | Without Unilateral CAI | five-toed socks : five-toed socks usage | 0 | 30 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 30 |
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