To assess the functional and cosmetic outcomes of enucleation with rectus end-to-end suturing surgical technique in hydroxyapatite orbital implants

To assess the functional and cosmetic outcomes of enucleation with rectus end-to-end suturing surgical technique between 2005 and 2009. All the patients underwent primary enucleation and implantation of non-wrapped HA implants using a technique that involves drawing the ends of the rectus muscles anteriorly and suturing them into a cross-shape in front of the implant. Main outcome measures included occurrence of pain or discharge, soft tissue problems, implant motility, upper lid position, and patients' satisfaction.

Inclusion Criteria:

-

Exclusion Criteria:

bilateral enucleation severely traumatized orbits, and little or no function of the extraocular muscles adjunctive radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy diabetes vessel inflammation follow-up of less than 6 months

The patients who had received hydroxyapatite orbital implants after primary enucleation by a single surgeon from July 2005 to March 2009