Reduced Intensity, Partially HLA Mismatched BMT to Treat Hematologic Malignancies

Reduced Intensity, Partially HLA Mismatched Allogeneic BMT for Hematologic Malignancies Using Donors Other Than First-degree Relatives

If transplantation using mismatched unrelated donors or non-first-degree relatives could be performed with an acceptable toxicity profile, an important unmet need would be served. Towards this goal, the current study extends our platform of nonmyeloablative, partially HLA-mismatched bone marrow transplant (BMT) and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant (PBSCT) to the use of such donors, investigating up to several postgrafting immunosuppression regimens that incorporate high-dose Cy. Of central interest is the incorporation of sirolimus into this postgrafting immunosuppression regimen.

The primary goal for phase 1 is to identify a transplant regimen associated with acceptable rates of severe acute GVHD and NRM by Day 100 and for phase 2 estimate the 6-month probability of survival without having had acute grade III- IV GVHD or graft failure.

Patient Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patient age 0.5-75 years

2. Absence of a suitable related or unrelated bone marrow donor who is molecularly matched at HLA-A, B, Cw, DRB1, and DQB1.

3. Absence of a suitable partially HLA-mismatched (haploidentical), first-degree related donor. Donors who are homozygous for the CCR5delta32 polymorphism are given preference.

4. Eligible diagnoses:

   1. Relapsed or refractory acute leukemia in second or subsequent remission, with remission defined as <5% bone marrow blasts morphologically

   2. Poor-risk acute leukemia in first remission, with remission defined as <5% bone marrow blasts morphologically:

      • AML with at least one of the following:

        • AML arising from MDS or a myeloproliferative disorder, or secondary AML
        • Presence of Flt3 internal tandem duplications
        • Poor-risk cytogenetics: Complex karyotype [> 3 abnormalities], inv(3), t(3;3), t(6;9), MLL rearrangement with the exception of t(9;11), or abnormalities of chromosome 5 or 7
        • Primary refractory disease

      • ALL (leukemia and/or lymphoma) with at least one of the following:

        • Adverse cytogenetics such as t(9;22), t(1;19), t(4;11), or MLL rearrangement
        • Clear evidence of hypodiploidy
        • Primary refractory disease

      • Biphenotypic leukemia

   3. MDS with at least one of the following poor-risk features:

      • Poor-risk cytogenetics (7/7q minus or complex cytogenetics)
      • IPSS score of INT-2 or greater
      • Treatment-related MDS
      • MDS diagnosed before age 21 years
      • Progression on or lack of response to standard DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor therapy
      • Life-threatening cytopenias, including those generally requiring greater than weekly transfusions

   4. Interferon- or imatinib-refractory CML in first chronic phase, or non-blast crisis CML beyond first chronic phase.

   5. Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative disease.

   6. Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

   7. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia.

   8. Low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (including SLL and CLL) or plasma cell neoplasm that has:

      • progressed after at least two prior therapies (excluding single agent rituximab and single agent steroids), or
      • in the case of lymphoma undergone histologic conversion;
      • patients with transformed lymphomas must have stable disease or better.

   9. Poor-risk CLL or SLL as follows:

      • 11q deletion disease that has progressed after a combination chemotherapy regimen,
      • 17p deletion disease,
      • or histologic conversion;
      • patients with transformed lymphomas must have stable disease or better.

   10. Aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma as follows, provided there is stable disease or better to last therapy:

       • NK or NK-T cell lymphoma, hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma, or subcutaneous panniculitic T-cell lymphoma, blastic/ blastoid variant of mantle cell lymphoma

       • Hodgkin or aggressive non Hodgkin lymphoma that has failed at least one multiagent regimen, and the patient is either ineligible for autologous BMT or autologous BMT is not recommended.

       • Eligible subtypes of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma include:

         • mantle cell lymphoma
         • follicular grade 3 lymphoma
         • diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or its subtypes, excluding primary CNS lymphoma
         • primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma
         • large B-cell lymphoma, unspecified
         • anaplastic large cell lymphoma, excluding skin-only disease
         • Burkitt's lymphoma or atypical Burkitt's lymphoma (high-grade B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt's), in complete remission

5. Patients with CLL, SLL, or prolymphocytic leukemia must have < 20% bone marrow involvement by malignancy (to lower risk of graft rejection).

6. One of the following, in order to lower risk of graft rejection:

   • Cytotoxic chemotherapy, an adequate course of 5-azacitidine or decitabine, or alemtuzumab within 3 months prior to start of conditioning; or
   • Previous BMT within 6 months prior to start of conditioning.

   NOTE: Patients who have received treatment outside of these windows may be eligible if it is deemed sufficient to reduce graft rejection risk; this will be decided on a case-by-case basis by the PI or co-PI.

7. Any previous BMT must have occurred at least 3 months prior to start of conditioning.

8. Adequate end-organ function as measured by:

   1. Left ventricular ejection fraction greater than or equal to 35%, or shortening fraction > 25%, unless cleared by a cardiologist
   2. Bilirubin ≤ 3.0 mg/dL (unless due to Gilbert's syndrome or hemolysis), and ALT and AST < 5 x ULN
   3. FEV1 and FVC > 40% of predicted; or in pediatric patients, if unable to perform pulmonary function tests due to young age, oxygen saturation >92% on room air

9. ECOG performance status < 2 or Karnofsky or Lansky score > 60

Patient Exclusion Criteria:

• Not pregnant or breast-feeding.

• No uncontrolled bacterial, viral, or fungal infection.

  • Note: HIV-infected patients are potentially eligible. Eligibility of HIV-infected patients will be determined on a case-by-case basis.

• No previous allogeneic BMT (syngeneic BMT permissible).

• Active extramedullary leukemia or known active CNS involvement by malignancy. Such disease treated into remission is permitted.

Donor Inclusion Criteria:

1. Potential donors consist of:

   • Unrelated donors
   • Second-degree relatives
   • First cousins

2. The donor and recipient must be identical at at least 5 HLA alleles based on high resolution typing of HLA-A, -B, -Cw, -DRB1, and -DQB1, with at least one allele matched for a HLA class I gene (HLA-A, -B, or -Cw) and at least one allele matched for a class II gene (HLA-DRB1 or -DQB1).

3. Meets institutional selection criteria and medically fit to donate. 4 . Lack of recipient anti-donor HLA antibody. Note: In some instances, low level, non-cytotoxic HLA specific antibodies may be permissible if they are found to be at a level well below that detectable by flow cytometry. This will be decided on a case-by-case basis by the PI and one of the immunogenetics directors. Pheresis to reduce anti-HLA antibodies is permissible; however eligibility to proceed with the transplant regimen would be contingent upon the result.

Donor Exclusion Criteria:

• Donor must not be HLA identical to the recipient.
• Has not donated blood products to recipient.