Percentage of participants with a ≥ 5 point reduction from baseline in SELENA SLEDAI score, and no worsening (increase of < 0.30 points from baseline) in PGA, and no new BILAG A organ domain score or 2 new BILAG B organ domain scores compared with baseline.

SELENA SLEDAI is calculated from 24 individual descriptors across 9 organ systems; 0 indicates inactive disease and the maximum theoretical score is 105; scores > 20 are rare. PGA is a visual analog scale scored from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe). BILAG uses a single score for each of the 9 organ domains; range is from severe (A) to no disease (E). Participants who were unable to comply with allowed concomitant medications requirements were considered non-responders, as were participants who dropped out or were missing Week 52 data.

Intent to Treat population (ITT) all randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug and evaluable SLE scores, excluding two sites' participants due to good clinical practice (GCP) issues.

A participant achieves corticosteroid sparing effects (quiescent disease) if they have met the following criteria during Weeks 24 through 52; able to decrease their dose of prednisone or equivalent to 7.5 mg/day or less, have quiescent disease (BILAG C score or better in all nine systems), and no BILAG A or B flares in the previous three months, without an increase in either antimalarials or immunosuppressants on or prior to the visit. Only participants receiving a prednisone or equivalent dose of more than 7.5 mg/day at baseline are included.

All randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, a baseline use of prednisone or equivalent >7.5 mg/day, excluding two sites' participants due to good clinical practice (GCP) issues.

Anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) is a lab analyte used to assist in the diagnosis of SLE.

All randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, excluding two sites' participants due to good clinical practice (GCP) issues and a non-missing result at Week 52.

SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) score is a weighted, cumulative index of lupus disease activity. SLEDAI-2K is calculated from 24 individual descriptors across 9 organ systems; 0 indicates inactive disease and the maximum theoretical score is 105.

All randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, excluding 2 sites' participants due to GCP issues and non-missing results; LOCF, defined as: endpoint is defined as the latest post-baseline response obtained on or prior to the date of Week 52 or the date of early discontinuation from the treatment period.

The SFI uses the SELENA-SLEDAI disease activity index score, disease activity scenarios, treatment changes, and PGA to define mild/moderate and severe flares. The index takes into account the absolute change in total scores, new or worsening symptoms, and increases in corticosteroid use or hospitalization due to the disease activity.

Time to first severe SLE flare (SFI) (in days) is calculated as: (Start date of first severe SLE flare (SFI) - Date of randomization + 1).

Zero participants analyzed. Time to first severe SLE flare data was not collected for analysis.

Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) is a single-item clinician rated assessment of the patient's current level of disease activity measured on a continuous 100 millimeter (mm) visual analytic scale with benchmarks of 0, 1, 2, and 3 from left to right corresponding to no, mild, moderate, and severe SLE disease activity. Scores are presented from 0 to 100. No worsening is defined as increase of ≥0.3 points.

All randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, excluding two sites' participants due to good clinical practice (GCP) issues

A participants-reported scale that measures the severity of fatigue based on the worst fatigue experienced during the past 24-hours. The severity scores ranged from 0 (no fatigue) to 10 (fatigue as severe as you can imagine).

All randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, excluding 2 sites' participants due to GCP issues and non-missing results; LOCF, defined as: endpoint is defined as the latest post-baseline response obtained on or prior to the date of Week 52 or the date of early discontinuation from the treatment period.

The LupusQoL is a disease-specific, 34-item, self-report questionnaire designed to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of participants with SLE within 8 domains.Responses are based on a 5-point Likert scale where 0 (all of the time) to 4 (never). A LupusQoL score for each domain is reported on a 0 to 100 scale, with greater values indicating better HRQoL.

All randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, excluding 2 sites' participants due to GCP issues and a non-missing result.

The British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) instrument assesses global disease activity across 9 organ system domains. BILAG flare is assessed for each of the 9 organ domains using BILAG2004 index flare rules; A is a severe flare and B is a moderate flare.

Time to first BILAG A or two BILAG B flares (in days) is calculated as: (Start date of first BILAG A or two BILAG B flares - Date of randomization + 1). The two BILAG B flares must occur in different domains at the same visit.

Zero participants analyzed. Time first new British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG A) or 2 new BILAG B SLE flares data was not collected for analysis.

Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) is a single-item clinician rated assessment of the patient's current level of disease activity measured on a continuous 100-mm visual analytic scale with benchmarks of 0, 1, 2, and 3 from left to right corresponding to no, mild, moderate, and severe SLE disease activity. Scores range from 0, being worst possible to 100 being very active or best possible.

All randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, excluding 2 sites' participants due to GCP issues and non-missing results; LOCF, defined as: endpoint is defined as the latest post-baseline response obtained on or prior to the date of Week 52 or the date of early discontinuation from the treatment period.

An increase in corticosteroids at a visit was defined as a change from baseline greater than 2.5 mg/day in dose or prednisone or equivalent using average daily dose of corticosteroids taken since the previous scheduled visit.

All randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, excluding two sites' participants due to good clinical practice (GCP) issues.

Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment - SLE Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) score is a weighted, cumulative index of lupus disease activity. SELENA-SLEDAI is calculated from 24 individual descriptors across 9 organ systems; 0 indicates inactive disease and the maximum theoretical score is 105.

All randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, excluding 2 sites' participants due to GCP issues and non-missing results; LOCF, defined as: endpoint is defined as the latest post-baseline response obtained on or prior to the date of Week 52 or the date of early discontinuation from the treatment period.

Percentage of participants with a ≥ 5 point reduction from baseline in SELENA SLEDAI score, and no worsening (increase of < 0.30 points from baseline) in PGA, and no new BILAG A or no more than 1 new BILAG B organ domain flare compared with baseline. (Primary outcome modified to use BILAG flare instead of BILAG disease score)

SELENA SLEDAI is calculated from 24 individual descriptors across 9 organ systems; 0 indicates inactive disease and the maximum theoretical score is 105. PGA is a visual analog scale scored from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe). BILAG flare is assessed for each of the 9 organ domains; A is a severe flare and B is a moderate flare. Patients who were unable to comply with allowed concomitant medications requirements were considered non-responders, as were participants who dropped out or were missing Week 52 data.

All randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, excluding two sites' participants due to good clinical practice (GCP) issues.

The BILAG2004 index is a validated global disease activity index designed on the basis of the physician's ITT, focusing on changes in disease manifestations (new, improved, worsening, etc) occurring in the last 4 weeks compared with the previous 4 weeks.

The instrument assesses 97 clinical signs, symptoms, and laboratory parameters across 9 organ system domains: constitutional, mucocutaneous, neuropsychiatric, musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, gastrointestinal, opthalmic, renal and hematology.

All randomized participants who received at least 1 dose of study drug, excluding two sites' participants due to good clinical practice (GCP) issues.