RO4929097 and Erlotinib Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Stage IV or Recurrent Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Addition of the Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor RO4929097 to Erlotinib in Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

This phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of gamma-secretase/Notch signalling pathway inhibitor RO4929097 (RO4929097) and erlotinib hydrochloride when given together in treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer that is stage IV or has come back. RO4929097 and erlotinib hydrochloride may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity of RO4929097 combined with erlotinib (erlotinib hydrochloride) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (Dose escalation portion) II. To assess whether the probability of detectable tumor shrinkage or response by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria correlates with pre-therapy immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) expression of Notch 1, 2, 3, and 4. (Dose escalation portion) III. A preliminary, exploratory assessment will be performed with respect to percent tumor shrinkage and the probability of response over the first 2 cycles of therapy. (Expansion cohort) IV. A preliminary, exploratory assessment will be performed with respect to change in tumor immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) expression for Notch 1, 2, 3, and 4 over the first 2 cycles of erlotinib. (Expansion cohort)

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To perform a preliminary exploratory assessment of whether probability of detectable tumor shrinkage/response correlates with pre RO4929097 presence in tumor of an activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, the T790M EGFR mutation, met proto-oncogene (c-MET) gene amplification or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression or activation or various Notch pathway markers. (Dose escalation portion) II. To perform a preliminary exploratory assessment of whether addition of RO4929097 to erlotinib leads to tumor shrinkage/response in any tumor deposits that had previously exhibited growth on erlotinib alone. (Dose escalation portion) III. Conduct a preliminary exploratory assessment on the expansion cohort with respect to tumor shrinkage/response of the following over the first 2 cycles of erlotinib and RO4929097 treatment with and without the presence of mutation, amplification, and activation of markers: tumor IHC scores and RPPA expression of the Notch ligand jagged 1 (Jag1), and the Notch targets hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1), hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 (HEY1); tumor IHC scores and RPPA expression of putative stem cell markers cluster of differentiation (CD)24 (decreased in stem cells), CD44, CD133, dehydrogenase and of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E-cadherin and vimentin; detectability in tumor of EGFR T790M mutations, MET amplification, and IGF-1R expression and activation; and soluble markers of angiogenesis, including stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1alpha), basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF), cryptic epitope of collagen IV, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (Expansion cohort) IV. Conduct a preliminary exploratory assessment of whether percent tumor shrinkage/response or time to progression correlates with pre-therapy IHC and RPPA expression of Notch 1, 2, 3 and 4, the above Notch pathway and stem cell markers, with baseline detectability of T790M mutations and MET amplification, and with baseline IGF-1R expression and activation, and with change in these markers from the initial biopsy to the subsequent biopsy. (Expansion cohort) V. In tumor samples collected both during the dose escalation phase and in the expansion cohort, assess if IHC and RPPA expression of Notch, Notch ligand and Notch targets correlates with expression of stem cell markers.

VI. Assess if percent tumor shrinkage/response, time to progression and baseline and change in IHC and RPPA expression of Notch, Notch ligand, Notch targets and stem cell markers varies with: tumor Notch gene amplification as assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH); tumor IHC and RPPA expression of selected members of the Wnt and Hedgehog pathways (since these could lead to stem cell properties in cells that do not express Notch); host (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) polymorphisms for relevant genes in the Notch pathway; tumor micro ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels.

VII. Trough levels of erlotinib and RO4929097 will be measured in plasma samples of all patients on the dose-escalation portion of the study approximately 24 hours after the cycle 1, day 1 dose and again approximately 24 hours after the cycle 2, day 1 dose. These measurements are being done to permit a preliminary exploratory assessment of whether there is induction of metabolism of one or both drugs that will lead to decreased drug plasma concentrations.

VIII. In the Expansion Cohort, plasma levels of erlotinib and RO4929097 will be measured approximately 24 hours after the cycle 2, day 21 erlotinib dose (just prior to initiation of cycle 3), and plasma levels of both agents will be measured in plasma approximately 24 hours after the cycle 3, day 1 doses of both agents. These measurements are done to permit a preliminary exploratory assessment of whether: plasma drug levels correlate with % tumor shrinkage/response or with change in tumor biomarkers over the first 6 weeks of therapy; erlotinib plasma concentrations are affected by RO4929097 administration.

OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study.

Patients receive erlotinib hydrochloride orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-21 and gamma-secretase/Notch signalling pathway inhibitor RO4929097 PO QD on days 1-3, 8-10, and 15-17. Courses repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 12 weeks.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Dose-escalation portion:

  • Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of incurable NSCLC
  • Preference will be given to patients with NSCLC who have been treated with erlotinib, and have either responded initially and then experienced subsequent growth in one or more tumor deposits while continuing erlotinib (acquired resistance) or patients who have been treated with erlotinib and failed to demonstrate any response to it (intrinsic resistance)

• Expansion cohort: patients must satisfy each of the following criteria:

  • Histologically or cytologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer that is incurable (stage IV or recurrent)
  • Patients must not have received prior anti-EGFR therapy

• Patients on both the dose escalation portion of the study and in the Expansion Cohort portion must have measurable disease, defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded) as >= 10 mm with computed tomography (CT) scan with cuts at 2.5 or 5 mm

• Patients on both portions of the study must have tumor amenable to core biopsy (or to incisional, excisional, or punch biopsy) for research purposes; the collaborating interventional radiologists will make the determination whether or not the patient has a tumor amenable to biopsy and whether or not the patient is medically an appropriate candidate for tumor biopsy

• Any prior anticancer systemic therapy or radiotherapy must have been completed at least 4 weeks prior to initiation of therapy on this study; (Exception: patients may be entered within 2 weeks of radiotherapy if the radiotherapy was restricted to femur below the trochanter, humerus or more distal limb areas)

• Dose escalation portion:

  • Unlimited prior therapy is permitted (including prior anti-EGFR therapy), with the exception that patients who have received prior therapy with a gamma-secretase inhibitor are not eligible
  • Prior therapy is not required
  • Preference will be given to NSCLC patients who have been treated with erlotinib with evidence of acquired or intrinsic resistance to erlotinib

• Expansion cohort:

  • Patients may have received an unlimited number of prior systemic regimens for NSCLC (as adjuvant therapy, as therapy for locally advanced disease or as therapy for advanced disease) provided they have not received prior anti-EGFR therapy (small molecule or antibody, etc) or prior gamma-secretase inhibitors
  • Prior therapy is not required

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 1 (Karnofsky >= 60%)

• Leukocytes >= 3,000/mcL

• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,500/mcL

• Platelets>= 100,000/mcL

• Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL

• Total bilirubin within normal institutional limits

• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 3 X institutional upper limit of normal

• Creatinine =< 1.5 X institutional upper limit of normal

• International normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.7 X upper limit of normal (ULN) and the patient must not have received aspirin or Coumadin and the patient must not have received aspirin or Coumadin within the previous week or a therapeutic dose of a heparin product within the previous 24 hours

• Women of childbearing potential must use two forms of contraception (i.e., barrier contraception and one other method of contraception) from at least 2 weeks prior to initiation of therapy on this study, for the duration of study participation, and for at least 2 months post-treatment; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner are participating in this study and for 2 months after study participation, the patient should inform the treating physician immediately

  • Women of childbearing potential are required to have a negative serum pregnancy test (with a sensitivity of at least 25 mIU/mL) within 14 days prior to the first dose of RO4929097 and a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 24 hours prior to the first dose of RO4929097; following initiation of therapy with RO4929097, a pregnancy test (serum or urine) will be administered every 3 weeks while on study; a positive urine test must be confirmed by a serum pregnancy test; prior to dispensing RO4929097, the investigator or designate must confirm and document the patient's use of two contraceptive methods, dates of negative pregnancy test, and confirm the patient's understanding of the teratogenic potential of RO4929097

  • Patients with a positive pregnancy test who are unlikely to be pregnant may be considered for entry on this trial if they are deemed to be unlikely to be pregnant by an obstetrician or gynecologist and if the study sponsor is in agreement with their study entry

  • Female patients of childbearing potential are defined as patients who do not fall into either of the categories listed above and to whom any of the following apply:

    • Patients with regular menses
    • Patients, after menarche with amenorrhea, irregular cycles, or using a contraceptive method that precludes withdrawal bleeding
    • Women who have had tubal ligation

  • Female patients may be considered to NOT be of childbearing potential for the following reasons:

    • The patient has undergone total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or bilateral oophorectomy
    • The patient is medically confirmed to be menopausal (no menstrual period) for 24 consecutive months

• Men participating in the study must also use 2 methods of contraception including 1 barrier method

• Breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with RO4929097

• Patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic brain metastases will not be required to undergo cranial radiation prior to being considered for this trial, and are eligible provided that it is not anticipated that they will require any of the following over the course of study treatment:

  • Corticosteroids for control of cerebral edema
  • Enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants
  • Radiotherapy, surgery, or other local therapy for the brain metastases

• Able to swallow oral medications

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients may not have received other systemic therapy or radiotherapy for their cancer within the previous 4 weeks prior to planned first day of therapy on this trial; (Exception: patients may be entered within 2 weeks of radiotherapy if the radiotherapy was restricted to distal limbs such as femur below the trochanter, humerus or more distal limb areas; in addition, patients in the dose escalation portion who have previously received erlotinib may start therapy on this trial as early as 1 week after stopping prior erlotinib provided all other study entry criteria are met)
• Patients on the expansion cohort may not have received prior anti-EGFR therapy (small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor [TKI] or antibody); (Note: this in contrast to the dose escalation portion of the study in which patients with prior anti-EGFR therapy will be eligible)
• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to RO4929097, OSI-774 or other agents used in the study
• Patients taking medications with narrow therapeutic indices that are metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP450), including warfarin sodium (Coumadin®) are ineligible
• Caution should be exercised when dosing RO4929097 concurrently with CYP3A4 substrates, inducers, and/or inhibitors; furthermore, patients who are taking concurrent medications (other than erlotinib) that are strong inducers/inhibitors or substrates of CYP3A4 should be switched to alternative medications; if such patients cannot be switched to alternative medications, they will be ineligible to participate in this study; if a patient is taking a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor/inducer other than the 2 study drugs, they should be switched to an alternative drug
• Patients with malabsorption syndrome or other condition that would interfere with intestinal absorption
• Diarrhea > grade 1 despite appropriate therapy
• Patients who are known to be serologically positive for hepatitis A, B or C are ineligible
• Patients with > grade 1 (by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] criteria) hyponatremia or hypocalcemia (based on measurement of ionized calcium) despite appropriate medical management are excluded from this study, as are patients with hypophosphatemia (serum phosphate below the lower limit of normal for the institution), hypomagnesemia, (serum magnesium below the lower limit of normal), hypokalemia, or hyperkalemia (serum potassium outside normal limits) despite appropriate medical management
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection requiring systemic therapy (with antibiotics, antiviral or antifungal agents), symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, angina at rest, a history of torsades de pointes, potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (patients are permitted to have chronic, stable atrial fibrillation, premature atrial or ventricular contractions, sinus tachycardia, provided the rate is controlled at < 115 per minute, and sinus bradycardia, provided the rate is > 50 per minute), myocardial infarction within the previous 3 months, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible
• Cardiovascular: baseline corrected QT interval using Fridericia's formula (QTcF) > 450 msec (male) or QTcF > 470 msec (female)
• Patients requiring drugs that are known to cause Torsades de pointes and/or prolonged corrected QT (QTc) intervals are excluded; patients requiring drugs with a possible but unproven association with Torsades de pointes and/or QTc prolongation may be eligible, but will require additional electrocardiogram assessments, as outlined
• Patients who have not recovered to < CTCAE grade 2 toxicities related to prior therapy are not eligible to participate in this study