This study examines the effects of a single dose of intranasal oxytocin (vs. placebo) on complex social cognition in adults with autism spectrum disorders.

Participants receive a one-time administration of 24-IU intranasal oxytocin (or placebo) and perform an empathic accuracy task, a novel and ecologically valid measure of complex social cognition, in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The investigators will investigate the effects of oxytocin (versus placebo) on the behavioral and neural correlates of empathic accuracy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• In good physical health
• Meet criteria for ASD according to psychiatric interview using the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)
• Must be a history of developmental delay
• Must meet full criteria for ASD on the Autism Diagnostic Interview- Revised (ADI-R) on either the social or communication domains and within two points on other domain (only if parent available for interview)
• Must meet full criteria for ASD on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule- Generic (ADOS-G) on the social domain. Meeting for ASD on the communication domain and total domain is not necessary
• Must have a verbal IQ greater than 75, as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale- Fourth Edition (WAIS- III). Intelligence testing performed at other sites or through another protocol at this site within the past year will also be accepted
• Capability of performing experimental tasks (i.e. can read and understand task instructions, cooperate with procedures)
• Informed consent and capacity
• Female participants must remain on birth control for the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants with any primary psychiatric diagnosis at screening
• Participants with a medical history of neurological disease, including, but not limited to, epilepsy/seizure disorder (except simple febrile seizures), movement disorder, tuberous sclerosis, fragile X, and any other known genetic syndromes, or known abnormal MRI/structural lesion of the brain
• Participants who are pregnant, who gave birth in the last six months, or who are currently breastfeeding
• Participants with a medical condition that might interfere with the conduct of the study, confound interpretation of the study results, or endanger their own well-being
• Participants with evidence or history of malignancy or any significant hematological endocrine, cardiovascular (including rhythm disorder), respiratory, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal disease, or other major medical conditions
• Participants taking psychoactive medication(s) (e.g., stimulants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, anxiolytics, clondine)
• Participants who, in the Investigator's opinion, might not be suitable for the study
• Participants who are involved in another study whose procedures could influence performance in the current study
• Female participants who do not stay on birth control for the duration of the study
• Participants who have a known contraindication to the MRI scan: including sever claustrophobia or any kind of metal implant in the body

Both the participant and investigator are blind to drug condition.