Poor recruitment

This application a phase II clinical trial to address the possible active mechanisms of probiotics and to obtain preliminary efficacy and safety data after the administration of a probiotic, Lactobacillus reuteri a population of premature infants.

The hypothesis is that the exogenous supplementation Lactobacillus reuteri to premature infants will lead to clinical beneficial effects by modifying their intestinal microbiota and enhancing their intestinal immunological response.

The primary outcome "days to achieve full feeds" will be measure during the the first month of life Secondary outcomes will be measured at baseline (before intervention), 3 weeks after intervention, once intervention discontinued and at 6 months of live

Inclusion Criteria:

• Preterm newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care units with a birth weight 700-1500 g and who survive more than 3 days

Exclusion Criteria:

• Chromosomal anomalies.
• Major congenital anomalies (complex cardiac anomalies, congenital hydrocephalus, renal dysplasia)
• Congenital (e.g. jejunal atresia) and acquired (e.g. GI perforation) gastrointestinal pathology precluding oral feed and/or requiring major surgical or medical intervention
• Parental refusal
• Prior enrollment into a conflicting clinical trial

Administration of placebo