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Studies has found a connection between breakfast consumption and obesity and obesity-related complications, but only few studies examined the effect of breakfast size.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of breakfast size on several parameters in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The prevalence of obesity has rapidly increased during recent decades, while the prevalence of skipping breakfast has increased.
Several studies have reported inverse relationships between the consumption of breakfast and BMI and weight gain. A study that examined the effect of breakfast size, found that an increased percentage of daily energy consumed at breakfast was associated with relatively lower weight gain. Preliminary results of clinical research (unpublished) show a connection between a large breakfast and weight loss and increased feeling of satiety throughout the day.
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of breakfast size on blood glucose balance, and its correlation with hormonal profile (including appetite hormones), adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, weight and body composition and lipid profile in adults with type 2 diabetes.
The study will use a randomized-controlled, non-blinded, prospective design, including 48 participants with type 2 diabetes, who are not insulin dependent.
The research group will receive instructions to eat a large breakfast compared with the control group that will receive instructions to eat a small breakfast.
The estimated duration of the study is about three months.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| breakfast size | Dietary Supplement | The research group will receive instructions to eat a large breakfast, Dividing the total daily calories recommended to the patient to: breakfast - 1/8 of the total daily calories , lunch - 1/3 of the total daily calories and supper- 1/3 of the total daily calories. (the rest of the calories will be snacks between the meals) In contrast, the control group that will receive instructions to eat a small breakfast. Dividing the total daily calories recommended to the patient to: breakfast - 1/3 of the total daily calories , lunch - 1/4 of the total daily calories and supper- 1/4 of the total daily calories (the rest of the calories will snacks between the meals). The instructions will be adapted to each patient individually |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| blood glucose balance | HBA1C, C-peptid, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, Glycomark | three months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| anthropometric parameters | weight, height, body composition | three months |
| Adipokines and hormones | insulin, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, GLP-1, cortisol |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Julio Wainstein, M.D | Contact | 03-5028716 | vainstein@wolfson.health.gov.il |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes Unit, Wolfson Medical Center | Holon | 58100 | Israel | |||
| Diabetes Unit, Wolfson Medical Center |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| three months |
| pro-inflammatory cytokines | TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, CRP | three months |
| lipid profile | triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, HDL | three months |
| Holon |
| 58100 |
| Israel |
|
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |