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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| IRB# 1786 | Other Identifier | Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System | |
| 5K08HS017147 | U.S. AHRQ Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| US Department of Veterans Affairs | FED |
| Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) | FED |
| American Urological Association | OTHER |
| Astellas Pharma US, Inc. |
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Two memory research findings (the spacing and testing effects) can dramatically improve retention of learning, but they have largely have been ignored by educators. The researchers have developed a novel form of online education (termed 'spaced education') based on these two effects which has been shown in randomized trials to improve knowledge acquisition and boost learning retention. Using prostate cancer screening as an experimental system, the researchers investigated whether spaced education could durably improve clinicians' behaviors, not just their knowledge.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spaced education clinicians - cohort 1 | Experimental | Spaced education clinicians receive four isomorphic cycles of 9 spaced education emails over 36-weeks (0-2 emails per week). Each email contained one question-explanation. |
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| Control clinicians - cohort 2 | No Intervention | Control clinicians received no intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Online spaced education | Behavioral | Spaced education is currently delivered via periodic emails that contain clinical case scenarios and multiple-choice questions. Upon submitting answers to each question online, clinicians receive immediate feedback and educational material. The questions are then repeated over spaced intervals of time to harness the pedagogical benefits of the spacing effect. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of inappropriate prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening performed by clinicians | The primary outcome measure was the difference in the percentage of inappropriate PSA screening performed by clinicians in the spaced education and control cohorts. Based on published clinical guidelines and reports, inappropriate PSA utilization was defined as the use of PSA for prostate cancer screening in patients >76 or <40 years old, or with an estimated life expectancy of less than 10 years. | Weeks 1-108 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in test scores between cohorts measured in weeks 1-36 | Weeks 1-36 | |
| Change in spaced education performance measured in weeks 1-36 | Weeks 1-36 | |
| Clinicians' intention to participate in future spaced education programs |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| B. Price Kerfoot, MD EdM | VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System | Boston | Massachusetts | 02130 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20965387 | Derived | Kerfoot BP, Lawler EV, Sokolovskaya G, Gagnon D, Conlin PR. Durable improvements in prostate cancer screening from online spaced education a randomized controlled trial. Am J Prev Med. 2010 Nov;39(5):472-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.07.016. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011471 | Prostatic Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005834 | Genital Neoplasms, Male |
| D014565 | Urogenital Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
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| INDUSTRY |
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | NIH |
| Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer | INDUSTRY |
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Assessed on end-of program survey at week 36 |
| Week 36 |
| Time required by clinicians to complete the spaced education questions-explanations | Assessed on end-of program survey at week 36 | Week 36 |
| D005832 |
| Genital Diseases, Male |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D011469 | Prostatic Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |