Background:

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a serious clinical problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Although some agents including hydration with saline are being prescribed to prevent renal deterioration in these high risk patients, their efficacy is not clear defined and debatable. Therefore additional prophylactic pretreatments are needed.

Methods/Design:

Present study aims to investigate differences in occurrence of CIN after sarpogrelate premedication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). 268 participants, aged 20-85 years with a clinical diagnosis of CKD will be recruited. They will be randomly allocated to one of two conditions: (i) a routine treatment without sarpogrelate group (ii) routine treatment with sarpogrelate (a fixed-flexible dose of 300 mg/day). The primary outcome is the occurrence of CIN during 4 weeks after receiving contrast agent.

Discussion:

As of May 2010, there were no registered trials evaluating the therapeutic potentials of sarpogrelate in preventing for CIN. If sarpogrelate decreases the worsening of renal function and occurrence of CIN, it will provide a safe, easy and inexpensive treatment option.

All patients with CKD scheduled for CAG will be eligible, assuming their ability to understand the character and individual consequences of participation as well as giving written informed consent. CKD is defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 using modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or serum creatinine (Cr) > 1.5 mg/dL.

The MDRD formula was defined in the following way. Where the Cr concentration is in mg/dL:

eGFR = 186 × serum Cr-1.154 × Age-0.203 × (0.742 if female) Exclusion criteria are age less than 20 years or more than 85 years, liver cirrhosis greater than or equal to Child class B, decreased serum platelet level (< 100,000/uL), patients who received or are schedule to receive percutaneous renal intervention, currently are taking anticoagulation drugs, unable to give informed consent. Patients in shock, maintaining hemodialysis, hemofiltration, peritoneal dialysis will be excluded.

Inclusion Criteria:

• patient with chronic kidney disease scheduled for coronary angiogram

Exclusion Criteria:

• age less than 20 years or more than 85 years
• liver cirrhosis greater than or equal to Child class B
• decreased serum platelet level (< 100,000/uL)
• patients who received or are schedule to receive percutaneous renal intervention
• currently are taking anticoagulation drugs
• unable to give informed consent