Ceased production of the study drug, Lymphoglobulin. Recruitment of patients onto the trial was too slow.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of G-CSF on disease free survival and overall survival in aplastic anaemia patients who also receive ATG and Cyclosporin A.

Open label, randomized, controlled study of G-CSF, ATG and Cyclosporin A versus ATG and Cyclosporin A. Subjects will be evaluated for hematologic response through day 240. Subjects who do not demonstrate a partial or complete remission by day 120 will be randomized to receive either a second course of ATG or continue their current regimen. Subjects who do demonstrate a partial or complete remission will continue their current regimen through day 240 or maintenance of a complete remission for 30 days. The last day of study treatment will be day 240.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Severe or very severe aplastic anemia
• Less than 6 months from diagnosis of severe aplastic anemia by bone marrow biopsy
• Ethical - Before randomization is done the subject or legally acceptable representative must give written informed consent for participation in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Eligibility for an HLA-matched sibling donor transplant
• Prior therapy with ATG
• Cyclosporin A <4 weeks before enrollment
• Treatment with G-CSF <2 weeks before enrollment
• Other growth factors <4 weeks before enrollment
• Diagnosis of Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenita or congenital bone marrow failure syndrome
• Evidence of myelodysplastic disease
• Diagnosis or previous history of carcinoma (except local cervical, basal cell, squamous cells, or melanoma)
• Subjects who have infection, hepatic, renal cardiac, metabolic or other concurrent diseases of such severity that death is imminent
• Subject is pregnant (e.g. positive HCG test) or is breast feeding