PTC299 in Treating Young Patients With Refractory or Recurrent Primary Central Nervous System Tumors

Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Trial of PTC299 in Pediatric Patients With Refractory or Recurrent CNS Tumors

RATIONALE: PTC299 may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking blood flow to the tumor.

PURPOSE: This phase I trial is studying the side effects and the best dose of PTC299 in treating young patients with recurrent or refractory primary central nervous system tumors.

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

• To estimate the maximum-tolerated dose and the recommended phase II dose of VEGF inhibitor PTC299 (PTC299) in pediatric patients with recurrent or progressive primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors.
• To evaluate and characterize the adverse events associated with this regimen in these patients.
• To evaluate and characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this regimen in these patients.

Secondary

• To investigate the relationships between PTC299 plasma exposure and other outcomes measures.
• To evaluate the antitumor activity of this regimen in these patients.
• To evaluate changes in angiogenic and inflammatory markers in the blood and the relationship between these changes and other outcome measures.
• To obtain preliminary evidence of biologic activity of PTC299 by using magnetic resonance diffusion to assess tumor cellularity.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter, dose-escalation study.

Patients receive oral VEGF inhibitor PTC299 twice or thrice daily. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Blood samples are collected at baseline and periodically during study for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies by ELISA.

After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up for 30 days.

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

• Histologically confirmed diagnosis of primary central nervous system (CNS) malignancy at time of diagnosis or recurrence

  • Histology verification not required for intrinsic brain stem tumors and optic pathway gliomas

    • Must have radiographic evidence of progression

• Recurrent, progressive, or refractory disease to standard therapy and for which there is no known curative therapy

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

• Karnofsky performance status (PS) 50-100% (patients > 16 years of age) OR Lansky PS 50-100% (patients ≤ 16 years of age)

• Body weight ≥ 15 kg and ≤ 100 kg

• Patients with neurological deficits allowed provided they are stable for ≥ 1 week

• Able to swallow capsules

• ANC ≥ 1,000/μL (unsupported)

• Platelet count ≥ 100,000/μL (unsupported)

• Hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL (may be supported)

• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 OR serum creatinine normal based on age as follows:

  • 0.8 mg/dL (≤ 5 years of age)
  • 1.0 mg/dL (> 5 to ≤ 10 years of age)
  • 1.2 mg/dL (> 10 to ≤ 15 years of age)
  • 1.5 mg/dL (> 15 years of age)

• Urine protein/creatinine ratio < 1.0

• Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)

• ALT and AST ≤ 2.5 times ULN

• Albumin ≥ 2.5 g/dL

• PT and activated PTT ≤ 1.2 times ULN

• Not pregnant or nursing

• Negative pregnancy test

• Fertile patients must use effective contraception

• No clinically significant unrelated systemic illness that would compromise the patient's ability to tolerate protocol therapy, or would likely interfere with the study procedures or results, including any of the following:

  • Serious infections including ongoing systemic bacterial, fungal, or viral infection
  • Significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, or other organ dysfunction

• Willing and able to comply with schedule visits, drug administration plan, laboratory tests, including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessments, or other study procedures

• No known coagulopathy or bleeding diathesis

• No known history of drug-induced liver injury

• No CNS, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, or urinary bleeding within the past month

• No uncontrolled systemic hypertension (systolic BP or diastolic BP > 95% percentile for age)

• No alcohol or drug addiction

• Able to tolerate periodic MRI scans and gadolinium contrast

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

• See Disease Characteristics

• Recovered from the acute toxic of all prior therapy (excluding alopecia and neurotoxicity)

• At least 3 weeks since prior myelosuppressive anticancer chemotherapy (6 weeks for nitrosourea)

• At least 14 days since prior investigational or biological agent

  • At least 3 half-lives since prior biological agents that have a prolonged half-life

• At least 3 half-lives since prior monoclonal antibody

• At least 2 weeks since prior local palliative radiotherapy

• At least 6 weeks since prior total-body irradiation, craniospinal radiotherapy, or radiotherapy to ≥ 50% of the pelvis

• At least 90 days since prior allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

  • No active graft-versus-host disease

• Concurrent dexamethasone or other corticosteroids allowed provided dose is stable for ≥ 7 days

• At least 1 week since prior colony-forming growth factors (e.g., filgrastim, sargramostim, erythropoietin)

  • At least 14 days since long-acting colony-forming growth factor formulations (e.g., pegfilgrastim)

• More than 4 weeks since prior major surgical procedures

  • More than 2 weeks since prior intermediate surgical procedures
  • More than 7 days since minor surgical procedures

• No other concurrent anticancer or investigational drug therapy