Children with chronic otitis media have more resistant bacteria that require surgical intervention to eradicate the infections. The study will evaluate the dominant bacteria and their sensitivities to antibiotics. The information will assist in better treatment plans for children with chronic infections.

The data will also assess the changing patterns in the bacteria colonizing middle ear fluid.

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Inclusion Criteria:

• All children with chronic ear infections scheduled for surgical interventions

Exclusion Criteria:

• Children who have undergone prior mastoid surgery, or children with oncologic treatments.

Children suffering from chronic otitis media who are scheduled for surgery.