Time to first treatment failure was the time from participant randomization to the first treatment failure, which was a composite endpoint consisting of any of the following events: arrest/incarceration, psychiatric hospitalization, discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment due to safety or tolerability, treatment supplementation with another antipsychotic due to inadequate efficacy, discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment due to inadequate efficacy, increase in level of psychiatric services to prevent imminent psychiatric hospitalization, suicide. A Treatment Failure Event Monitoring Board (EMB), blinded to individual participant treatment assignment, determined the occurrence and date of the first treatment failure event.

Explanatory Intent-to-Treat (eITT) population included all ITT participants who had their study assessments for time period between randomization date and eITT end point. The eITT end point for paliperidone palmitate was the last injection date+28 days and for oral antipsychotics was the last prescription date + the number of days' supply + 1 day.

A time to parameter looking only at 2 component events of treatment failure: arrest or incarceration, and psychiatric hospitalization. An arrest was defined as the taking of a participant into custody by legal authority, for any reason. Incarceration was defined as involuntary confinement by an officer of the law. Psychiatric hospitalization was an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization that occurred due to the participant's clinically significant worsening of symptoms of schizophrenia.

eITT population included all ITT participants who had their study assessments for time period between randomization date and eITT end point. The eITT end point for paliperidone palmitate was the last injection date+28 days and for oral antipsychotics was the last prescription date + the number of days' supply + 1 day.

The PSP score assesses the degree of difficulty a participant exhibit over a 1 month period within 4 domains of behavior: a) socially useful activities, b) personal and social relationships, c) self-care, and d) disturbing and aggressive behavior. The investigators rate participants' degree of difficulty in each of the 4 domains using a 6-point Likert scale (from 0=absent to 5=very severe). The domain ratings were then transformed to PSP total score ranging from 1 to 100. Higher PSP total scores denote better functioning. A score between 71 and 100 represents normal to mild degree of dysfunction; a score between 31 and 70 represents varying degree of difficulty; and a score <=30 represents poor function that requires intensive supervision.

eITT population. 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants who were evaluable for this outcome measure.

A time-to parameter looking only at 1 component event of treatment failure: psychiatric hospitalization. Time to first psychiatric hospitalization was admission date of the psychiatric hospitalization recorded in the "Assessment of Treatment Failure - Psychiatric Hospitalization."

eITT population included all ITT participants who had their study assessments for time period between randomization date and eITT end point. The eITT end point for paliperidone palmitate was the last injection date+28 days and for oral antipsychotics was the last prescription date + the number of days' supply + 1 day.

The CGI-S rating scale was a 7-point global assessment of symptom severity with scores determined by clinician as follows: 1=Not ill, 2=Very Mild, 3= Mild, 4= Moderate, 5= Marked, 6= Severe, and 7= Extremely Severe. The higher the score the worse the illness.

eITT population. 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants who were evaluable for this outcome measure.

First treatment failure was a composite endpoint consisting of any of the following events: arrest/incarceration, psychiatric hospitalization, discontinuation (D/C) of antipsychotic treatment due to safety or tolerability, treatment supplementation with another antipsychotic due to inadequate efficacy, discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment due to inadequate efficacy, increase in level of psychiatric services to prevent imminent psychiatric hospitalization, suicide. A Treatment Failure Event Monitoring Board (EMB), blinded to individual participant treatment assignment, determined the occurrence and date of the first treatment failure event. Percentage of participants who experienced treatment failure due to any event and for each specific category of event were assessed.

eITT population included all ITT participants who had their study assessments for time period between randomization date and eITT end point. The eITT end point for paliperidone palmitate was the last injection date+28 days and for oral antipsychotics was the last prescription date + the number of days' supply + 1 day.