Chronic renal failure (CRF, or "chronic kidney failure", CKF, or "chronic kidney disease", CKD) is a slowly progressive loss of renal function over a period of months or years and defined as an abnormally low glomerular filtration rate, which is usually determined indirectly by the creatinine level in blood serum.

CRF that leads to severe illness and requires some form of renal replacement therapy(such as dialysis) is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD). While renal replacement therapies can maintain patients indefinitely and prolong life, the quality of life is severely affected. Renal transplantation increases the survival of patients with stage 5 CKD significantly when compared to other therapeutic options; however, it is associated with an increased short-term mortality (due to complications of the surgery).

In view of the above, there is definitely an urgent need for finding different methods of treatment for these patients who cannot undergo established modalities of treatment or these have been tried unsuccessfully hence the inadequacy of current treatment modalities and insufficiency of donor organs for transplantation have driven a search for improved methods of dealing with renal failure. The rising concept of cell-based therapeutics has provided a framework around which new approaches are being generated, and its combination with advances in stem cell research stands to bring both fields to clinical fruition. Since CRF affects a large number of these patients who will lose their productive life, stem cell implantation can offer some promise of improved health.

In our present study, we want to evaluate the safety and efficacy (to know / observe for Proof of concept in five indian patients) if any, of autologous bone marrow derived stem cells injected into the Renal Artery in five (initially five patients, can be increased to ten patients after observing the initial results) patients with Chronic Renal Failure.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Must be able to give voluntary written (patients may not be able to write) consent.
2. Must be able to understand study information provided to him.
3. CKD patients of stage IV and ESRD with age 18 to 65 years.
4. Patient should be afebrile 24 hours prior to procedure.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Women who are pregnant or lactating
• Acute Renal Failure
• Severe co-morbidities like cardiac insufficiency, congestive cardiac failure, malignancy, infection, sepsis and bed sores.
• Haemoglobin level below 8g %
• Chronic kidney disease due to autoimmune aetiology, connective tissue disease, amyloidosis and storage disorders.
• Known bleeding or coagulation disorder.
• Known hematologic disease
• Poorly controlled hypertension
• Evidence of active malignancy within one year prior to randomization.
• Severe skin infection or osteomyelitis - the site of bone marrow aspiration potentially limiting the procedure.
• Have a known allergy to iodinated contrast
• Positive test results for HIV and AIDS complex, HCV, HbsAg and Syphilis.
• History of drug or alcohol abuse
• Patients on immunosuppressive therapy