Despite the known adverse effects of specific cancer treatments on fertility, only 18-26% of at-risk adolescents and young men cryopreserve sperm prior to cancer treatment in the US: These already less than optimal rates of sperm banking are even lower among adolescents who have increased anxiety at cancer diagnosis, are lower in age and socioeconomic status, of Evangelical religious orientation, or are diagnosed with leukemia/lymphoma: It is not clear why sperm banking is underutilized, particularly in light of the high priority that survivors of childhood cancer place on fertility and the high psychological distress associated with fertility loss. Studies addressing sperm banking among adults with cancer suggest that factors such as poor physician communication and the resulting lack of fertility-risk knowledge by patients contributes to the low frequency of sperm cryopreservation. No well-designed studies have examined risk factors associated with failure to bank sperm among adolescents with cancer, a developmentally distinct population ripe for intervention.

This study plans to enroll 206 adolescent males and 412 parents/guardians.

This study will identify factors predictive of sperm banking/not sperm banking in order to design interventions for increasing fertility preservation among adolescent males newly diagnosed with cancer. Specifically, this study aims to investigate psychological, demographic, developmental, parent/guardian, provider, and medical factors predictive of sperm banking outcomes among at-risk adolescents with cancer. Once these factors have been identified, the study will develop a novel Profiling and Referral Tool. This instrument will ultimately serve as an intervention for both healthcare providers and families through the facilitation of appropriate referrals, and tailored interventions for decreasing barriers to sperm banking. Finally, the feasibility of the Profiling and Referral tool will be evaluated based on provider and family report.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male participants newly diagnosed with cancer.
• Patients must be between 13 years of age (≥ 13 years) and 21 years of age (< 22 years) at time of study enrollment.
• Participant Identified as Tanner stage III or higher.
• Participant identified by his oncologist (or designee) as being at risk for treatment-related infertility.
• Proficiency speaking and reading English or Spanish.
• Cognitive capacity to complete study questionnaires.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participant previously treated for cancer.
• History of mental retardation or severe cognitive or learning impairment.

Male Adolescents meeting eligibility criteria will be identified by updated clinic lists that are available across all institutions included in this study. After the review of clinic lists, medical record review, and report from oncologist regarding patient risk for treatment-related infertility, patients meeting study criteria will be recruited consecutively within the time constraints of the available staff. That is, for every opportunity where there is staff available for recruitment, the study team will attempt to enroll the first available patient meeting eligibility criteria.