Xenografts and cell cultures provide sufficient material for analyses at the protein, RNA and DNA level. Patient derived NSCLC xenografts and cell lines are available but none however are Asian in origin. Given the emerging evidence to suggest inter-ethnic differences in NSCLC biology, new models of preclinical drug evaluation should be designed and validated using Asian tumors. Furthermore, such models will allow studies of biological mechanisms of sensitivity and/or resistance and also the study of dynamic regulations under standardized conditions in the Asian context.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients aged 21 years and above.
• Undergoing a surgical resection of tumor as part of clinical management

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient or legally acceptable representative unable to provide consent patient in the judgement of the study investigator, is medically unsuitable for this study

The investigators for this protocol are clinicians and scientists in the departments of Cardiac/Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Haematology and Oncology, Pathology, Radiation Oncology, Respiratory Medicine and the Cancer Sciences Institute of Singapore (CSIS) from NUH and NUS with major roles in their departments in the clinical management and/or research of lung cancer. Each will be providing access to clinical information and assisting in the collection and processing of samples, according to their resources and expertise.