This research study is being done to collect regular and routine follow-up information related to the outcome of treatment for prostate cancer.

This study is also being done to relate treatment outcome to measurement of substances in the blood such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and other markers. Also environmental and genetic factors that might be responsible for prostate cancer are being investigated.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Informed consent explained and signed prior to any study related procedures.
2. Age ≥18 years
3. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 or better, or Karnofsky performance of 60% or better.
4. Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate within 10 years of study entry.
5. Willingness to return to Mayo Clinic Rochester for follow-up or participate in mail-in PSA processing.
6. Must be disease-free from a previous diagnosis of cancer for a period of time = 5 years excluding cutaneous malignancies of squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Life expectancy < 5 years.
2. Inability to return to Mayo Rochester for follow-up appointments, sera, and urine collection per protocol.
3. Previous or a concurrent diagnosis of cancers other than basal cell or invasive squamous cell carcinoma of skin within the past 5 years.

There are six patient cohorts which are being recruited to the Prostate Clinical Follow-up Core in support of the Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE). The six groups are: 1. High-risk radical prostatectomy patients, 2. Primary external beam radiotherapy patients, 3. Primary prostate brachytherapy patients, 4. Hormone refractory prostate cancer patients, 5. Active Surveillance. 6. Prostate biopsy patients. The inclusion criterion for group 6 is that the patient is scheduled to undergo a prostate biopsy for the purposes of definitive prostate cancer diagnosis. There are no exclusion criteria for group 6.